Orthopedic Nursing review Course 234 Questions with Verified Answers,100% CORRECT

Orthopedic Nursing review Course 234 Questions with Verified Answers Rheumatoid Arthritis - CORRECT ANSWER * Systemic, Multi system inflammatory disorder * Affects synovial membrane of the joints * Periods of exacerbation and remissions Rheumatoid Arthritis Presentation - CORRECT ANSWER * Uniform joint space narrowing * Peak onset ages 40-60 * Hypertrophied synovium (lining) thickens an invades surrounding tissue * Nodules in the joints * Morning Stiffness and stiffness after rest * Generalized fatigue * Ulnar deviation Rheumatoid Arthritis Epidemiology/Pathophysiology - CORRECT ANSWER * Genetic predisposition * Laxity, sublaxation and contractures Osteoarthritis - CORRECT ANSWER Slow, progressive, non-inflammatory Affects spine, fingers, knees and hips Osteophyte or bone spurs are common with what disease? - CORRECT ANSWER Osteoarthritis The gold standard test for this disease is radiographic changes - CORRECT ANSWER Osteoarthritis Symptoms Osteoarthritis - CORRECT ANSWER * Asymmetric joints * AM Stiffness * Stiffness with inactivity * Stiffness with weather changes * Antalgic gait-limp or giving way sensation * Joint crepitus * Knock kneed or bow-legged * Heberden's Nodes * Bouchard's Nodes Valgus knees is the same as - CORRECT ANSWER Knock knees Varus knees is the same as - CORRECT ANSWER Bow legged Heberden's Nodes are in what joint? - CORRECT ANSWER Distal (DIP) Bouchard's nodes are in what joint? - CORRECT ANSWER Proximal (PIP) This is the first drug of choice for treating Osteoarthritis - CORRECT ANSWER Acetaminopehn (Tylenol) Total Hip Arthroplasty: Anterior approach benefits and cons - CORRECT ANSWER Pro: less soft tissue disturbance Less precautions after SX 3-4 inch incision Cons: Technically challenging Anterior Hip precautions - CORRECT ANSWER * Avoid hip extension * Avoid external rotation Total Hip Arthroplasty: Posterior-Lateral approach benefits and cons - CORRECT ANSWER Pro: Tried and True method/Traditional Requires more physician training Cons: More precautions after SX 8-12 inch incision Posterior Hip Precautions - CORRECT ANSWER * No flexion 90 degrees * No adduction * No internal rotation (leg crossing) Hip dislocation presentation - CORRECT ANSWER * Shortening/Rotation of affected extremity * Pain with inability to bear weight How many vertebae are in the C spine? - CORRECT ANSWER 7 How many vertebrae are in the T spine? - CORRECT ANSWER 12 How many vertebrae are in the L spine? - CORRECT ANSWER 5 How many vertebrae are in the S spine? - CORRECT ANSWER 5 What is a herniated nucleus pulposis (HNP)? - CORRECT ANSWER The rupture of a disc in the spine * the rupture causes leaking with pain and pressure What are signs and symptoms of a herniated disc? - CORRECT ANSWER * Back Pain-increased with sitting/driving *Lower extremity pain with numbness * Muscle weakness -nerve distribution * Pain with the straight leg raise test What is the classic test to determine herniated disc? - CORRECT ANSWER Straight Leg Raise What is the gold standard conservative treatment for a herniated disc? - CORRECT ANSWER * Bed rest-Max of 3 days What are the symptoms of Cauda Equina Syndrome? - CORRECT ANSWER * New onset of bowel or bladder incontinence * Numbness in the saddle area or perineum What is the cause of Cauda Equina Syndrome? - CORRECT ANSWER Pressure on the plexus nerve in the lumbar spine What is the treatment for Cauda Equina Syndrome? - CORRECT ANSWER Immediate decompressive laminectomy This spinal disorder is a Pars Interarticularis defect? - CORRECT ANSWER Spondylolysis This spinal disorder is an anterior translation of one vertebra on another (or slipped forward)? - CORRECT ANSWER Spondylolisthesis This is a posterior hump in the thoracic spine - CORRECT ANSWER Kyphosis This spinal disorder is associated with Scheurmann's Disease, is neuromuscular and presents with ankylosing spondylitis? - CORRECT ANSWER Kyphosis What does NPO mean? - CORRECT ANSWER Nil Per Os/Nothing by mouth What is the standard time frame for a patient to be NPO prior to SX? - CORRECT ANSWER 6 hours What are the main allergies that should be checked for prior to SX? - CORRECT ANSWER Shellfish * Bedadine * Seafood * Medications * Metal * Latex This SX associated condition can occur do to the following: IV access, blood loss, fluid overload, urine output - CORRECT ANSWER Fluid Volume Deficit This condition is an inherited hypermetabolic syndrome? - CORRECT ANSWER Malignant hyperthermia Triggers for Malignant hyperthermia are: - CORRECT ANSWER * Neuromuscular blocking agents-SUCCINYLCHOLINE * Certain anesthetic agents What is the first drug of choice for treating malignant hyperthermia? - CORRECT ANSWER Dantrolene What are the 7 drugs treatments for malignant hyperthermia? - CORRECT ANSWER 1) Dantrolene 2) Ice IV Saline solution 3) Ice bags around patient 4) Gastric/rectal lavage 5) Lab work 6) Malignant hyperthermia cart 7) Hotline # 1-800-MHHYPER What are standard time frames for nosocomial surgical site infections to occur? - CORRECT ANSWER * Within 30 days follwing SX * Up to 1 year if an implant is placed When using a tourniquet to exsanguinate blood, how long should it be left in place? - CORRECT ANSWER 90-120 minutes Osteosarcoma is a tumor that arises from what structure? - CORRECT ANSWER Bone Chondrosarcoma is a tumor that arises from what structure? - CORRECT ANSWER Cartilage What are the most common areas of the body for osteosarcoma tumor formation? - CORRECT ANSWER Distal femur and proximal tibia * jaw, shoulder, hip and knee are other common areas Chondrosarcomas are most commonly found in what areas of the body? - CORRECT ANSWER Femur and Pelvis This type of sarcoma accounts for 16% of primary bone cancers? - CORRECT ANSWER Ewing's Sarcoma Ewing's Saromas are typically found in what areas of the body? - CORRECT ANSWER Long bones * legs, arms, ribs, pelvis and spine This tumor stage is a low-grade cell, totally within the bone with no metastasis? - CORRECT ANSWER IA This tumor stage is a low-grade cell, but has grown through the wall of the bone with no metastasis? - CORRECT ANSWER IB This tumor stage is a high-grade cell and is totally within the bone with no metastasis? - CORRECT ANSWER IIA This tumor stage is a high-grade cell but has grown through the wall of the bone with no metastasis? - CORRECT ANSWER IIB This tumor stage is when the caner is any grade and has metastasized? - CORRECT ANSWER III This CA treatment is used preoperatively to shrink bone tumors to facilitate resection? - CORRECT ANSWER Chemotherapy Common side effects of this treatment include: * Stomatitis * Anemia * Nausea/vomiting * Alopecia * Neutropenia * Thrombocytopenia * Neuropathy * Diarrhea/consitpation - CORRECT ANSWER Chemotherapy When faced with amputation of a limb do to a cancerous tumor, what is the golden rule regarding saving the limb? - CORRECT ANSWER Life over limb The most common metabolic bone abnormalities are caused by what? - CORRECT ANSWER Abnormal quantities of minerals such as Calcium, and Phosporous Cells used in bone formation: This cell builds bone - CORRECT ANSWER Osteoblasts Cells used in bone formation: This cell takes away bone (chewers) - CORRECT ANSWER Osteoclasts Cells used in bone formation: These cells maintain normal bone and mineral levels - CORRECT ANSWER Osteocytes This vitamin is important for immune system function, decreases inflammation regulates genes and cells and promotes insulin sensitivity? - CORRECT ANSWER Vitamin D These 2 hormones increase serum calcium? - CORRECT ANSWER * Parathyroid hormone * Calcitirol This hormone is the primary regulator of serum calcium levels? - CORRECT ANSWER Parathyroid hormone This condition triggers the rapid release of PTH from the parathyroid? - CORRECT ANSWER Hypocalcemia This medication is the only medication on the market to build bone? - CORRECT ANSWER Fortaoe This condition effecting the thyroid occurs as a result of too much calcium? - CORRECT ANSWER Primary Hyperparathyroidism (PHPT) This condition effecting the thyroid occurs as a result of not enough calcium? - CORRECT ANSWER Secondary Hyperparathyroidsim (SHPT) Signs and symptoms of Hyperparathyroidism are caused by hypercalcemia, what are the signs and symptoms? - CORRECT ANSWER * Stones-Renal stones * Bones-Diffuse bone & joint pain; fractures * Abdominal Groans-Constipation, ABD pain, Pancreatitis, ulcers. * Moans- Easily fatigued * Psychiatric Overtones-Cognitive decline, confusion Diagnosing Hyperparathyroidsim: A serum calcium level than ? - CORRECT ANSWER 10 mg/dl Diagnosis Hyperparathyroidsim: These things upon testing are indicative of Hyperparathyroidism - CORRECT ANSWER * Serum Calcium 10 mg/dl * Increase in urinary calcium excretion in 24 hr urine test * Increase in alkaline phosphates * Increase in PTH Radioimmunoassay * Decrease DEXA bone density What are conservative treatment measures for Hyperparathyrodism? - CORRECT ANSWER * Adequate hydration * Avoid thiazide diuretics * Adequate Calcium intake What is the Surgical treatment option for Hyperparathyroidsim? - CORRECT ANSWER Parathyroidectomy-Remove the adenoma and leave 1/2 of the lobe for calcium production. Why is it important to leave 1/2 the lobe when having a parathyroidectomy? - CORRECT ANSWER It is needed for calcium production This thyroid condition is usually caused by damage to the parathyroid during surgery, or by some malabsorption disorders? - CORRECT ANSWER Hypoparathyroidism What are the signs and symptoms of Hypoparathyroidism? - CORRECT ANSWER * Muscle spasm/tetany/excitability * Increase in deep tendon reflexes * Dry skin/hair loss * Weakened tooth enamel Diagnosis Hypoparathyroidism: What are lab tests that are indicative of Hypoparathyroidsm? - CORRECT ANSWER * Decrease serum Calcium * Increase Serum Phosphorus * Decrease in PTH * Decrease in Vitamin D * Decrease in urinary Calcium * Increased bone density due to retained calcium What is an acute sign of Hypoparathyroidism? - CORRECT ANSWER Hypocalcemia=Tetany The goal of emergent management of Hypoparathyroidism is to prevent what? - CORRECT ANSWER Prevent Laryngeal spasms, tetany and seizures What medications should be given to emergently control Hypoparathyroidism? - CORRECT ANSWER * IV Calcium Gluconate * Chloride What are some long term Hypoparathyroid management treatments? - CORRECT ANSWER * Lifelong vitamin D therapy * Lifelong Calcium supplements * Muscle relaxants to control spasm This condition is abnormal bone mineralization? - CORRECT ANSWER Osteomalacia Osteomalacia is most commonly due to a disturbance of what vitamin? - CORRECT ANSWER Vitamin D What are the common risk factors for Osteoporosis? - CORRECT ANSWER * Sedentary Lifestyle * Vitamin D and Calcium deficiencies * Excessive alcohol use * Medications: Corticosteroids, antacids, anti-convulsants (Dilantin) Diagnosing Osteoporosis: What key laboratory testing results that indicate Osteoporosis? - CORRECT ANSWER * Increase in 24 hr urine Calcium * Biochemical markers of bone resorption What are the ranges for normal bone density scans? - CORRECT ANSWER +1 to -1 This surgical treatment for Osteoporosis consists of bone cement being injected through the pedicles to the vertebral body? - CORRECT ANSWER Vertebroplasty This surgical treatment for Osteoporosis consists of inflating the bladder of the vertebral body and injecting cement into the vertebral body? - CORRECT ANSWER Kyphoplasty This disease is also known as Osteitis Deformans (Bone Deformity)? - CORRECT ANSWER Paget's Disease This disease is classified by accelerated and abnormal bone remodeling, large irregular shaped bones and fragile bones? - CORRECT ANSWER Paget's Disease This condition associated with Paget's Disease causes a hearing deficit (conductive hearing loss)? - CORRECT ANSWER Acoustic Neuroma Paget's Disease causes a bizarre appearance of bones, what is the appearance? - CORRECT ANSWER Mosaic Pattern This condition in sudden in onset, generally involves one joint and causes Urate crystal nodules (tophi) - CORRECT ANSWER Gout What are self management approaches to gout? - CORRECT ANSWER * Hydration 2 liters * Weight reduction * Weight bearing restrictions in the acute phase What are pharmacologic treatments for gout? - CORRECT ANSWER * NSAIDS-Indometicin * Colochicine * Allopurinol * Probenecid * Oral glucocorticosteriod * Febuxostat What joint does Gout normally present in? - CORRECT ANSWER MTP * 1st metetarsal This disease is tick borne? - CORRECT ANSWER Lyme Disease What is a sign of early presentation of Lyme Disease? - CORRECT ANSWER Distinct Skin rash with local lesions * HX of walking through woods What is the first stage of Lyme Disease? - CORRECT ANSWER * Erythema Migran (bulls eye) rash 7-10 days * Headache/fever/malaise * TX with antibiotics Late stage presentation of Lyme Disease - CORRECT ANSWER * Chronic arthritis * Bells Palsy * Poor Memory What is the gold standard test for diagnosing Lyme Disease? - CORRECT ANSWER The ELISA screen for antibodies How is Lyme Disease treated? - CORRECT ANSWER Antibiotics * PNC and Rocephin This condition is linked to the HLA-B27 gene? - CORRECT ANSWER Ankylosing Spondylitis What are clinical presentations of Ankylosing Spondylitis? - CORRECT ANSWER * HX of dull achiness with stiff neck or back * Ascending stiffness of the spine (starts at the bottom) * Fatigue and impaired sleep What are common signs and symptoms of Psoriatic Arthritis? - CORRECT ANSWER * Sausage digits * Asymmetric swelling/erythema * Pitted/discolored nails * Scaly lesions on knees/elbows/trunk Systemic Sclerosis is also known as? - CORRECT ANSWER Scleroderma What is the clinic presentation of Systemic Sclerosis? - CORRECT ANSWER C-Calcinosis (calcium deposits under the skin) R-Raynaud's Phenomenon (digits feel numb& cold) E-Esophageal Dysfunction S-Sclerodactyly (tightening of skin) T-Tenangiectasia (dilated blood vessels) 2 out of the 5 symptoms confirm the disease What is the treatment for Systemic Sclerosis? - CORRECT ANSWER * No cure * Stop smoking * Skin and dental care * Physical therapy This disease is an inflammatory myopathy of the skeletal muscle? - CORRECT ANSWER Polymyositis/Dermatomyositis What are signs of Polymyositis? - CORRECT ANSWER * V-shaped rash on neck or chest * Falls unrelated to balance * Heliotrope Rash This is the most classic and profound symptoms of Systemic Lupus Erythematosus? - CORRECT ANSWER Butterfly rash on face Other symptoms of Systemic Lupus are? - CORRECT ANSWER * Photosensitivity * Arthritis * Fever * Anemia * Joint Pain * Hair Loss * Ulcers in Mouth What are treatment options for Systemic Lupus? - CORRECT ANSWER * No Cure * NSAIDS * Plasmaphoresis * Biologics Pain at 11 out of 18 tender points on the body confirms what diagnosis? - CORRECT ANSWER Fibromyalgia The treatment for this condition involves wearing shoes on the wrong feet and serial casting in severe childhood cases - CORRECT ANSWER Metatarsus Adductus Genu Valgus is also known as what? - CORRECT ANSWER Knock knees Genu Valgus is common in what age group? - CORRECT ANSWER 3-5 years old Improves by age 7 Genu Varus is also known as what? - CORRECT ANSWER Bow legged Genu Varus can spontaneously resolve by what age? - CORRECT ANSWER 18-24 months What is the key measurement for Genu Valgus and Genu Varus presentation? - CORRECT ANSWER 2.5 cm This disease is common in pole vaulters and runners? - CORRECT ANSWER Osgood-Schlatter Disease This disease involves a palpable lump at the tibia tubercle and pain with forced knee flexion/extension? - CORRECT ANSWER Osgood-Schlatter Disease This disorder is common in children 3 years, mainly effects females and common in the first born? - CORRECT ANSWER Developmental Dysplasia of the Hip (DDH) This disorder presents as problematic diapering, a leg length discrepancy and unequal skin folds? - CORRECT ANSWER Developmental Dysplasia of the Hip (DDH) This test requires the hip to be pushed out posteriorly? - CORRECT ANSWER Barlow's This test is also known as the "click test" with hip abduction and lifting to reduce the hip? - CORRECT ANSWER Ortolani's Nursing care for Developmental Dysplasia of the Hip includes this method? - CORRECT ANSWER C-Criculation M-Movement S-Sensation T-Temperature Cast syndrome is also known as? - CORRECT ANSWER Superior Mesenteric Artery Syndrome What are the signs and symptoms of Superior Mesenteric Artery Syndrome? - CORRECT ANSWER Feeling of fullness/Abd distention Nausea/Vomiting Dehydration Nursing care measures to prevent Superior Mesenteric Artery Syndrome? - CORRECT ANSWER Turn frequently Small frequent meals Avascular Nerosis of the Femoral Head is also known as? - CORRECT ANSWER Legg Calve Perthes Disease This condition is the posterior displacement of the proximal femoral epiphysis? - CORRECT ANSWER Slipped Capital Femoral Epiphysis When diagnosing Slipped Capital Femoral Epiphysis, what does the x-ray look like? - CORRECT ANSWER Ice cream off the cone This form of scoliosis is the most common and has familial tendencies? - CORRECT ANSWER Idiopathic This form of scoliosis is a malformation of the bony vertebral segments? - CORRECT ANSWER Congenital This form of scoliosis involves paralysis of the trunk muscles and a HX of Cerebral Palsy or Muscular Dystrophy? - CORRECT ANSWER Neuromuscular/Paralytic What degree of scoliosis curvature requires just observation? - CORRECT ANSWER 20 degrees What degree of scoliosis curvature requires a TLSO brace? - CORRECT ANSWER 20-40 degrees What degree of scoliosis curvature requires surgical fixation? - CORRECT ANSWER 40 degrees Osteogenesis Imperfecta is also known as? - CORRECT ANSWER Brittle Bone Disease What are signs of Osteogenesis Imperfecta? - CORRECT ANSWER Blue Sclera Shepherd crook deformity Deafness Dentinogesis Thin, translucent skin VonRecklinghausen is also known as? - CORRECT ANSWER Neurofirbromatosis Cafe-au-lait spots are associated with which form of Neurofibromatosis? - CORRECT ANSWER VonRecklinghausen Vestibular Neurofibromatosis is associated with what nerve damage? - CORRECT ANSWER 8th cranial nerve 8th cranial nerve damage from Vestibular Neurofibromatosis causes what? - CORRECT ANSWER Deafness/Acoustic neuromas This motor disorder is the result of hypoxia to the brain? - CORRECT ANSWER Cerebral Palsy What are the three types of Cerebral Palsy? - CORRECT ANSWER Spastic-Cortial Tract Dyskinetic-Athetoid Ataxic-Cerebellum What are the three main lab studies used in diagnosing Cerebral Palsy? - CORRECT ANSWER Barium Swallow EEG Gait analysis This condition is a neural tube defect? - CORRECT ANSWER Myelomeningocele-Spina Bifida What are the issues with neural tube defects? - CORRECT ANSWER Spinal malformation Lumbar spinous processes fail to fuse 90% hydrocephalus Spina Bifida presentation includes? - CORRECT ANSWER Latex allergy Insensative skin-watch water temperature This form of Muscualr Dystrophy is the most common form? - CORRECT ANSWER Duchene's Duchene's Muscualr Dystrophy presentation? - CORRECT ANSWER + Gower's sign-climbing up the body with hands to stand. Loss of independent ambulation How is Muscular Dystrophy diagnosed? - CORRECT ANSWER Muscle biopsy This disease is a demyelination of axons in the brain and spinal cord? - CORRECT ANSWER Multiple Sclerosis What are presentation signs of Multiple sclerosis? - CORRECT ANSWER Episodic global neurological symptoms Ataxia Fatigue Cognitive impairment Bowel and bladder issues How is Multiple Sclerosis Diagnosed? - CORRECT ANSWER MRI showing plaques Spinal Tap Evoked potentials This condition is an autoimmune Neuromuscular disorder commonly effecting the eyes? - CORRECT ANSWER Myasthenia Gravis What are symptoms of Myasthenia Gravis? - CORRECT ANSWER Fluctuating muscle weakness-gittery eyes Limb/axial muscles This height is the height in which half of all humans will die from falling? - CORRECT ANSWER 35 feet An adult should go to a trauma center is they fall from this minimum height? - CORRECT ANSWER 20 feet or 2 stories Injuries from MVCs are from 3 separate impacts, what are they? - CORRECT ANSWER Vehicle strikes object Occupant collides with the inside of the vehicle Occupants internal organs collide with the rigid of the body Mild pain is generally rated as this number out of 10 - CORRECT ANSWER 0-3 Moderate pain is generally rated as this number out of 10 - CORRECT ANSWER 4-6 Severe pain is generally rates as this number out of ten - CORRECT ANSWER 7-10 Salter-Harris pediatric fracture classifications: This Grade of fracture is straight across the bone? - CORRECT ANSWER Grade I Salter-Harris pediatric fracture classifications: This grade of fracture is above the physis (Away from the joint)? - CORRECT ANSWER Grade II Salter-Harris pediatric fracture classifications: This grade of fracture is lower or below the physis? - CORRECT ANSWER Grade III Salter-Harris pediatric fracture classifications: This grade of fracture is through the metaphysis/physis/epiphysis? - CORRECT ANSWER Grade IV Salter-Harris pedicatric fracture classifications: This grade of fracture is rammed or compressed? - CORRECT ANSWER Grade V SALTR in pediatric fracture classifications is used to remember grade levels. What does each letter stand for? - CORRECT ANSWER S-Stright across A-Above the physis or away from the join L-Lower or below the physis T-Through any of the physes R-Rammed or compressed What are skin breakdown concerns with casting? - CORRECT ANSWER Inadequate padding Foreign objects being placed in the cast What is the major concern when using a spica or full body cast? - CORRECT ANSWER Cast syndrome What is cast syndrome? - CORRECT ANSWER Compression of the third or transverse nerve portion of the duodenum between the aorta and the superior mesenteric artery What is compartment syndrome? - CORRECT ANSWER An intramuscular pressure in a confined space brought on by trauma or over activity What does compartment syndrome do? - CORRECT ANSWER Impedes blood flow and function of tissues within the confined space. Causes neuromuscular compromise There are how many anatomic compartments in the body? - CORRECT ANSWER 46 How many anatomic compartments are in the extremities of the bday? - CORRECT ANSWER 36 What are the early signs of compartment syndrome? - CORRECT ANSWER Pain Pressue Pallor What are the late signs of compartment syndrome? - CORRECT ANSWER Parasthesia Paralysis Pulselessness This condition is a mechanical blockage of blood vessels by circulating fat particles? - CORRECT ANSWER Fat emboli When/where are fat emboli most likely to occur? - CORRECT ANSWER Long bone fractures Pelvic fractures Total hip arthroplasty Signs and symptoms of a fat emboli are? - CORRECT ANSWER Change in mental status Respiratory distress Petechiae of skin & mucosa above the nipple line These types of dislocations are considered an orthopedic emergency? - CORRECT ANSWER Elbow Knee This type of amputation has the best success of re-implant? - CORRECT ANSWER Guillotine This velocity GSW causes lacerations and crushing injuries with no exit wound? - CORRECT ANSWER Low velocity This velocity GSW passes through the body causing entry and exit wounds? - CORRECT ANSWER High velocity This syndrome is also known as Regional Sympathetic Dystrophy? - CORRECT ANSWER Complex Regional Pain Syndrome Complex Regional Pain Syndrome is characterized by what symptoms? - CORRECT ANSWER Pain and tenderness associated with vasomotor instability. Skin changes Rapid development of bone demineralization:osteoporosis What is the clinical presentation of Complex Regional Pain Syndrome? - CORRECT ANSWER Intense burning pain that s out of proportion to injury. Unable to tolerate light tough Unable to tolerate weight of sleeves and pants When assessing a client with a fractured extremity, the assessment should focus on which area of the fracture? - CORRECT ANSWER The distal area What other injury should you assess for with an anterior shoulder dislocation? - CORRECT ANSWER Brachial Plexus Injury What type of fracture compromises 90% of distal radius fractures? - CORRECT ANSWER Colle's Fracture (wrist) This type of fracture is a "dinner fork" deformity or, fracture of the distal radius with dorsal angulation? - CORRECT ANSWER Colle's fracture (wrist) During a sensory exam, the axillary nerve can be assessed where? - CORRECT ANSWER Lateral Deltoid During a sensory exam, the radial nerve can be assessed where? - CORRECT ANSWER Web space between the thumb and index finger During a sensory exam, the median nerve can be assessed where? - CORRECT ANSWER Tips of the thumb, index and long fingers During a sensory exam, the ulnar nerve can be assessed where? - CORRECT ANSWER Tips of the ring and small fingers This is the only artery that supplies blood to the forearm? - CORRECT ANSWER Brachial This is the only artery that supplies blood to the leg? - CORRECT ANSWER Popliteal This is defined as a traumatic injury to a muscle or tendon? - CORRECT ANSWER Strain This grade of strain is characterized by stretching of a tendon, possible micro-tears of fibers, mild pain and possible swelling? - CORRECT ANSWER Grade 1 This grade of strain is characterized by some tearing of a tendon or muscle fibers, moderate pain with swelling and ecchymosis? - CORRECT ANSWER Grade 2 This grade of strain is characterized by complete rupture of a tendon or muscle fibers, severe pain with swelling and ecchymosis? - CORRECT ANSWER Grade 3 This injury is defined as traumatic injury to a joint when ligaments supporting it are overstretched or torn? - CORRECT ANSWER Sprain Sprains are caused by what? - CORRECT ANSWER A sudden twisting or hyperextension of the joint This grade of sprain is involves a stable joint with stretching of a ligament and possible micro-tears of fibers? - CORRECT ANSWER Grade 1 This grade of sprain involves minimal or no joint stability with some tearing of ligamentous fibers? - CORRECT ANSWER Grade 2 This grade of sprain involves an unstable joint and a complete rupture of the ligament? - CORRECT ANSWER Grade 3 This type of injury is caused by a sudden direct blow to one side of the head? - CORRECT ANSWER Brachial Plexus Injury Clinical presentation of a brachial plexus injury includes? - CORRECT ANSWER Numbness, tingling and weakness of upper extremities Conservative treatment for a brachial plexus injury includes? - CORRECT ANSWER Ongoing weekly NV exam until WNL What is a +Painful Arc? - CORRECT ANSWER Pain with active abduction 60-120 degrees What is a +Impingement Sign? - CORRECT ANSWER Abduction 90 degrees and internal rotation What is a +Hawkins Test? - CORRECT ANSWER Forward flexion 90 degrees and internal rotation What is a +Drop Arm Test? - CORRECT ANSWER Indicates complete rotator cuff tear What is conservative treatment for a rotator cuff injury? - CORRECT ANSWER P-RICE-MM Physical Therapy Cortisone injections of chronic What is clinical presentation of Shoulder Instability? - CORRECT ANSWER + Apprehension and relocation test-anterior instability +Sulcus sign-inferior instability What is the mechanism of injury for AC Joint Separation? - CORRECT ANSWER Fall on out stretched arm This condition is also known as golfers elbow? - CORRECT ANSWER Medial Epicondylitis This condition is also known as tennis elbow? - CORRECT ANSWER Lateral Epicondylitis What is the mechanism of injury for Medial Epicondylitis? - CORRECT ANSWER Overuse of wrist flexors What is the mechanism of injury for Lateral Epicondylitis? - CORRECT ANSWER Overuse of wrist extensors A scaphoid fracture is also known as this? - CORRECT ANSWER Snuff box fracture Where is the snuff box located? - CORRECT ANSWER The base of the thumb What is the gold standard surgical treatment for trigger finger? - CORRECT ANSWER A1 pulley release What is the mechanism of injury for a meniscal injury? - CORRECT ANSWER Torsional or rotational injury This is felt with a meniscal injury? - CORRECT ANSWER A pop or a snap What is the clinical presentation of a meniscal injury? - CORRECT ANSWER Inability to fully extend knee Inability to bear weight on lower extremity Buckling or locking of affected joint + McMurray or Apley test Jumping or hopping of the bione over the torn meniscus These tests are positive indicators of an ankle sprain? - CORRECT ANSWER + Anterior drawer + Talar tilt Explain the Thompson Test - CORRECT ANSWER Patient lies on stomach with one foot and ankle off the exam table. Examiner squeezes gastrocnemius If no plantar flexion of foot-suspect achilles tendon tear or rupture. This condition is a hyperextension of the great toe MTP joint or a sprain /tear of the plantar joint complex? - CORRECT ANSWER Turf Toe What is the most common cause of Turf Toe? - CORRECT ANSWER Improperly fitting shoes What is the appropriate amount of water to consume to maintain hydration to avoid sports injuries? - CORRECT ANSWER 2 quarts You should drink_____ cups of water for every pound lost during sport activities? - CORRECT ANSWER 2-3