PSYC 331 Midterm 1 |98| questions with complete solution

PSYC 331 Midterm 1 |98| questions with complete solution intergroup relations definition - Correct Answer any aspect of human interaction that involves individuals as perceiving or being perceived as members of a social category prejudice - Correct Answer - attitudes towards people based solely on their groups - affective component stereotypes - Correct Answer - beliefs about a group of people - cognitive - 3 aspects: shared cultural belief, accuracy, descriptive and prescriptive discrimination - Correct Answer - behaviors directed towards people on the basis of their group membership - can be interpersonal, institutional, organizational, individual cultural vs social capital - Correct Answer - cultural capital: social assets of a person that promote social mobility - social capital: value obtained from interpersonal relationships and social networks Kurt Lewin - Correct Answer first social psychologist that used the experimental approach, 1945 scientific racism - Correct Answer - some groups have more success bc of their racial groups - McDougall wrote one of the first textbooks, purported to identify sets of traits and qualities that associated with race - used to justify racist legislation social darwinism - Correct Answer - existing disparities are justified as reflecting innate differences between more and less worthy groups - naturalistic fallacy! used for eugenic reasoning Floyd Allport - Correct Answer started to recognize that other factors than race may be at play for intergroup differences William Graham Sumner - Correct Answer - first professor of sociology in NA - coined the terms ingroup, outgroup, and ethnocentrism - introduced idea of animosity and negative relationships between in-groups and out-groups - described how strongly we identify with groups and their status Walter Lippman - Correct Answer - journalist that published Public Opinion - adapted term stereotype, comes from need to simplify our chaotic and disorderly environment - we have a need to abstract, piece together what others report and what we can imagine Katz and Braly stereotype study - Correct Answer - surveyed 100 Yale students on their attitudes about groups - first study on prejudice and stereotypes LaPiere 1934 study on attitudes vs actions - Correct Answer - argued against self report research - traveled around America with Chinese immigrant couple for 2 years and in total were only refused service once - 92% of establishments they visited said they would refuse service to a Chinese couple Gordon Allport - Correct Answer - took social-cognitive perspective - argued for importance of studying intergroup contact - prejudice is a part of the natural way that our mind functions Allport's Contact Hypothesis - Correct Answer intergroup contact is an effective means of reducing intergroup hostility and prejudice- but only specific types of contact! Allport's factors in the contact hypothesis - Correct Answer 1. quantity (frequency) 2. status (is there a status difference) 3. goals (cooperative or competitive) 4. social (formal vs casual) 5. physical for Allport, what type of contact is effective? - Correct Answer - based on acquaintanceship - integrated - communal studies on intergroup contact in the military - Correct Answer - Singer: 77% of white military members reported more favorable attitudes towards Black people after serving with Black soldiers - Stouffer: only white s