ACAAI Review for the Allergy & Immunology Boards Flash Cards ALL CHAPTERS with Verified Solutions

ACAAI Review for the Allergy & Immunology Boards Flash Cards ALL CHAPTERS with Verified Solutions What is the hapten-carrier effect? Small-molecule antigen requires covalent linkage to a larger carrier to stimulate adaptive immune response. The process is achieved in collaboration between hapten-specific B cells and carrier-specific T cells. This is the basis of developing conjugated vaccines. What are the common superantigens and related diseases? SEB and SEC from Staphylococcus aureus cause food poisoning. TSST from Staphylococcus aureus and SPE-C from Streptococus pyogenes cause toxic shock syndrome. Which type of T cell recognizes lipid antigens and what molecule is involved? Natural killer T (NKT) cells recognize lipid antigens, and the CD1 molecule is involved. Which antigens are T-cell dependent and which are T-cell independent? Protein antigens are T-cell dependent. Polysaccharide, nucleic acid, and lipids are T-cell independent.