EMT-Basic Study Guide Exam Solution #1

EMT-Basiccardiac muscle - correct answer specialized involuntary muscle found only in the heart; has its own blood supply; contracts on its own automaticity - correct answer the ability of the heart to generate and conduct electrical impulses on its own respiratory system - correct answer the system of the nose, mouth, throat, lungs, and muscles that bings oxygen into the body and expels carbon dioxide oropharynx - correct answer the area directly posterior to the mouth nasopharynx - correct answer the area directly posterior to the nose pharynx - correct answer the area directly posterior to the mouth and nose. It is made up of the oropharynx and the nasopharynx epiglottis - correct answer a leaf-shaped structure that prevents food and foreign matter from entering the trachea larynx - correct answer the voice box cricoid cartilage - correct answer the ring-structure that forms the lower portion of the larynx trachea - correct answer the 'windpipe'; the structure that connects the pharynx to the lungs lungs - correct answer the organs where exchange of atmospheric oxygen and waste carbon dioxide take place bronchi - correct answer the two large sets of branches that come off the trachea and enter the lungs. There are right and left bronchi alveoli - correct answer the microscopic sacs of the lungs where gas exchange with the bloodstream takes place diaphragm - correct answer the muscular structure that divides the chest cavity from the abdominal cavity. A major muscle of respiration inhalation - correct answer an active process in which the intercostal muscles and the diaphragm contract, expanding the size of the chest cavity and causing air to flow into the lungs exhalation - correct answer a passive process in which the intercostal muscles and the diaphragm relax, causing the chest cavity to decrease in size and air to flow out of the lungs cardiovascular system/circulatory system - correct answer the system made up of the heart and the blood vessels atria - correct answer the two upper chambers of the heart, there is a right (receives unoxygenated blood returning from the body) and the left (which sends oxygen-rich blood to the body) ventricles - correct answer the two lower chambers of the heart. There is a right (which sends oxygen poor blood to the lungs) and the left (sends oxygen rich blood to the body) venae cavae - correct answer the superior vena cava and the inferior vena cava. Return blood from the body to the right atrium valve - correct answer a structure that opens and closes to permit the flow of a fluid in only one direction cardiac conduction system - correct answer a system of specialized muscle tissues which conduct electrical impulses that stimulate the heart to beat artery - correct answer any blood vessel carrying blood away from the heart coronary arteries - correct answer blood vessels that supply the muscle of the heart aorta - correct answer the largest artery in the body. transports blood from the left ventricle to begin systemic circulation pulmonary arteries - correct answer vessels that carry blood from the right ventricle of the heart to the lungs carotid arteries - correct answer large neck arteries, one on each side of the neck, that carry blood blood from the heart to the head femoral artery - correct answer the major artery supplying the leg brachial artery - correct answer artery of the upper arm; site of the pulse checked during infant CPR radial artery - correct answer artery of the lower arm. it is felt when taking the pulse at the wrist posterior tibial artery - correct answer artery supplying the foot, behind the medial ankle dorsalis pedis artery - correct answer artery supplying the foot, lateral to the large tendon of the big toe arteriole - correct answer the smallest kind of artery capillary - correct answer a thin-walled, microscopic blood vessel where the oxygen/carbon dioxide and nutrient/waste exchange with the body's cells takes place venule - correct answer the smallest kind of vein vein - correct answer any blood vessel returning blood to the heart pulmonary veins - correct answer the vessels that carry oxygenated blood from the lungs to the left atrium of the heart Designated agent - correct answer an EMT or other person authorized by a medical director to give medications and provide emergency car. Off-Line medical direction - correct answer consists of standing orders issued by the medical director that allow EMT's to give certain medications or perform certain procedures without speaking to the medical director or another physician On-line medical direction - correct answer consists of orders from the on-duty physician given directly to an EMT in the field by radio or telephone Medical director - correct answer a physician who assumes ultimate responsibility for the patient care aspects of the EMS system 911 System - correct answer a system for telephone access to report emergencies. A dispatcher takes the information and alerts EMS or the fire or police department as needed protocols - correct answer lists of steps, such as assessments and interventions, to be taken in different situations quality improvement - correct answer a process of continuous self-review with the purpose of identifying and correcting aspects of the system that require improvement standing orders - correct answer a policy or protocol issued by a medical director that authorizes EMT's and others to perform particular skills in certain situations contamination - correct answer the introduction of dangerous chemicals, diseases, or infectious material critical incident stress management - correct answer a comprehencive system that includes education and resources to both prevent stress and to deal with stress appropriately decontamination - correct answer the removal or cleansing of dangerous chemicals and other dangerous chemicals and other dangerous or infectious materials hazardous-material incident - correct answer the release of a harmful substance into the environment multiple-casualty incident - correct answer an emergency involving multiple patients pathogens - correct answer the organisms that cause infection, such as viruses and bacteria PPE - correct answer equipment that protects the EMS worker from infection and or exposure to the dangers of rescue operations standard precautions - correct answer a strict form of infection control that is based on the assumption that all blood and other body fluids are infectious stress - correct answer a state of physical and/or psychological arousal to a stimulus