EXPH 386 Exam 5 (pulmonary)

EXPH 386 Exam 5 (pulmonary) The lung is the only organ (other than the heart) to receive the entire cardiac output - answer -true Truth OR F alse Functions of the lung: - answer— gas e xchange -filtering (blood and air) -captures inhaled particles -breakdown vasoactive substances (metabolic functions) -converts angiotensin I to angiotensin II (related to blood pressure and kidneys) (ACE in the lungs) -bradykinin -serotonin -norepineph rine -PGE2 and PGF2 alpha -leukotrienes -vocalizations At rest in the lungs the O2 consumption in the lungs consumed (VO2) is approximately - answer -250 mL/min At rest in the lungs CO2 produced (VCO2) approximately - answer -200 mL/min At rest in the lungs ventilation is approximately - answer -5000 mL/min At rest in the lungs cardiac output is approximately - answer -5000 mL/min The resting RER in the lungs is around - answer -0.8 During exercise in the lungs VO2 is approximately - answer -3,000 mL/min (up to 6,250 mL/min in athletes) During exercise in the lungs VCO2 is approximately - answer -3,000 mL/min (up to 7,000 mL/min in athletes) During exercise, ventilation is - answer -> 60,000 mL/min During exercise cardio output is - answer -30,00 0 mL/min The right side of the lung is - answer -3 lobes The left side of the lung is - answer -2 lobes total length of the airways running in 2 lungs is - answer -1,500 miles 23 generations bifurcate to get _________ alveoli - answer -600 million __________ a lveolar structure gives the lung strength -all the fragile walls are connected - answer -"honeycomb" What is ficks law of diffusion? - answer -Vgas= A/T x D x (P1 -P2) A= area of membrane T= thickness D= diffusion constant of gas P= pressure (Delta p) - determ ines driving pressure resistance to expansion of the lungs increases during ______ due to ___________ - answer -inspiration surface tension on alveoli lipoprotein mix of phospholipids, proteins, and Ca+2 produced by alveolar epithelial cells -mixes with fluid around alveoli - answer -surfactant (as surface area gets smaller, you dont need superfactant as much) -disrupts and lowers surface tension -reduces energy needed for alveolar inflation/deflation -w none of this, small aveoli collapse - answer -Surfactant Law of Laplace: - answer -pressure (p )= 4 x surface tension (t)/ radius (r) Lungs are highly vascularized to allow for gas exchange: - answer -1) receives the entire cardiac output 2) red blood cell (RBC) transit time in lung capillaries is approximately 0.75 seconds (0.25 seconds with exercise) air moves INTO the lungs - answer -inspiration primary muscle of ventilation is - answer -diaphragm At rest in ventilation, the diaphragm _______ an moves ______ approximately 10 cm which ___________ volume allowing negative pressure to come in - answer -contracts moves down increases Air moves into the lung due to the __________ - answer -Universal Gas La w (PV= nRT) -simplified: PV=t If temperature is constant... - answer -pressure and volume are inversely related (BOYLES LAW) = higher pressure and a lower volume equals K air is forced into the lungs until - answer -PI=PA Air moves to the atmosphere - answer -expiration At rest and during light exercise, respiratory muscles are normally - answer -passive (inspiration muscles relax - diaphragm) (lung is elastic - stretched lung tissue recoils) During heavy exercise respiratory muscles are - answer -active (interna l intercostals) (abdominal muscles assist - tighten up muscles (expiration)) Normal lung volumes depend on: - answer --age -sex -stature (height) -race Static Lung volumes for tidal volume (TV): - answer -0.4-1.0 L air/breath Static Lung volumes for Inspirato ry reserve volume (IRV): - answer -2.5-3.5 L Static Lung volumes for Exercise reserve volume (ERV): - answer -1.0-1.5 L Static Lung volume for Vital capacity (VC): - answer -3.0-5.0 L Static Lung volumes for residual volume (RV): - answer -0.8-1.4 L used to me asure lung volumes that cannot be measured by basic spirometry: - answer -helium dilution technique (most common) V1 x C1 = V2 x C2 (WITH STATIC LUNG VOLUMES) -during exercise, IRV and ERV ________ and TV ______ - answer -decrease increases (WITH STATIC LUNG VOLUMES) -during exercise, both the rate and depth of breathing _______, so alveolar ventilation _________ - answer -increase increase (WITH STATIC LUNG VOLUMES)