NDAEB Study Notes Questions with 100% Complete Solutions, Rated A+

Abandonment - Withdrawing a patient from treatment without giving reasonable notice or providing a competent replacement. Implied consent - Type of consent in which the patient's action indicates consent for treatment. Informed consent - Permission granted by a patient after he or she is informed about the details of a procedure. Licensure - License to practice in a specific state. Malpractice - Professional negligence. Reciprocity (re-si-PROS-i-tee) - System that allows individuals in one state to obtain a license in another state without retesting. Res gestae - Latin for "things done." Statements made by a person present at the time of an alleged negligent act that are admissible as evidence in a court of law. Res ipsa loquitur - Latin phrase for "the thing speaks for itself." Respondeat superior - Latin for "Let the master answer." Legal doctrine that holds an employer liable for acts of the employee. Tort law - Involving an act that brings harm to a person or damage to property. HIPAA - The Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act of 1996 specifies federal regulations that ensure privacy regarding a patient's healthcare information. Autonomy (aw-TON-uh-mee) - Self-determination. Code of ethics - Voluntary standards of behavior established by a profession. Confidentiality - Never revealing any personal information about the patient. Ethics - Moral standards of conduct; rules or principles that govern proper conduct. Veracity - Truthfulness; not lying to the patient. Nonmaleficence - Of no harm to the patient. Anatomy (uh-NAT-uh-mee) - Study of the shape and structure of the human body. Appendicular (ap-en-DIK-yoo-ler) - Pertaining to the body region that consists of the arms and legs. Axial (AK-see-ul) - Referring to the body region that comprises the head, neck, and trunk. Cytoplasm (SI-toe-plaz-em) - Gel-like fluid inside the cell. Dorsal cavity - Cavity located in the back of the body. Epithelial (ep-i-THEE-lee-ul) tissue - Type of tissue that forms the covering of all body surfaces. Frontal plane - Vertical plane that divides the body into anterior (front) and posterior (back) portions. Horizontal plane - Plane that divides the body into superior (upper) and inferior (lower) portions. Midsagittal plane - Imaginary line that divides the patient's [face] into equal right and left sides. Parietal (puh-RYE-e-tul) - Pertaining to the walls of a body cavity. Sagittal (SADJ-ih-tal) plane - Any vertical plane parallel to the midline that divides the body into unequal left and right portions. Ventral cavity - Cavity located at the front of the body. Four main tissue types have been identified in the human body: - (1) epithelial, (2) connective, (3) muscle, and (4) nerve tissue Epithelial tissue - Epithelial tissue forms a covering for the external and internal body surfaces (e.g., the skin on the outside of the body, the lining of the oral cavity and intestines). The purposes of epithelial cells are to (1) provide protection, (2) produce secretions, and (3) regulate the passage of materials across them. Some epithelial cells are specialized, meaning that they have special functions associated with skin color, hair, nails, mucous production, and sweat regulation. Connective tissue - is the major support material of the body. It provides support for the body and connects its organs and tissues. Fat, tendons, ligaments, bone, cartilage, blood, and lymph are all types of connective tissue. Specific types of connective tissue can store fat, destroy bacteria, produce blood cells, and develop antibodies against infection and disease. Muscle tissue - Muscle tissue has the ability to lengthen and shorten and thus move body parts. Skeletal muscles are either voluntary or involuntary. For example, when you decide when to move your arms or legs, the muscle movement is voluntary. However, the beating of your heart, the churning of your stomach, and changes in the pupils of your eyes are controlled by involuntary muscle movements. Nerve tissue - Nerve tissue is found in the brain, spinal cord, and nerves. It is responsible for coordinating and controlling many body activities. It stimulates muscle contraction and plays a major role in emotions, memory, and reasoning. Nerve tissue also has the unique ability to react to environmental changes, such as heat, cold, light, or pressure. Nerve tissue carries messages from all areas of the body to the brain and from the brain to all areas of the body. To perform these functions, cells in nerve tissue must communicate with each other by way of electrical nerve impulses.