NR503 FINAL PRACTICE REVIEWS

NR503 FINAL PRACTICE REVIEWS Common risk factors - CORRECT ANSWER-unhealthy diet, physical inactivity, tobacco use Childhood risk - CORRECT ANSWER-conditions before birth and early in childhood influence health in adult life. Risk accumulation - CORRECT ANSWER-Ageing is an important marker of the accumulation of modifiable risks for chronic disease Underlying determinants - CORRECT ANSWER-a reflection of the major forces driving social, economic, and cultural change. I.e. globalization, urbanization, population ageing, and general policy environment Poverty - CORRECT ANSWER-interconnected with chronic disease in a vicious circle increasing exposure to risks and decreased access to health services Primary prevention - CORRECT ANSWER-aims to prevent disease. I.e. banning hazardous products, educating on healthy/safe habits, immunizations Secondary prevention - CORRECT ANSWER-reduce impact of disease or injury that has already occurred. I.e. screening tests, low-dose ASA, suitably modified work Tertiary prevention - CORRECT ANSWER-aims to soften impact of ongoing illness. I.e. cardiac or stroke rehab, support groups, vocational rehab Cross Cultural Health Care Program (CCHCP) - CORRECT ANSWER-materials to improve cultural competency among health providers to provide healthcare interventions and other cultural variants Marginalization - CORRECT ANSWER-Major cause of vulnerability referring to exposure to a range of possible harms Variables at risk for marginalization - CORRECT ANSWER-high risk health literacy, cultural barriers, low english proficiency Cultural competence - CORRECT ANSWER-a dynamic, fluid, continuous process whereby an individual, system or health care agency find meaningful and useful care delivery strategies based on knowledge of the cultural heritage, beliefs, attitudes, and behavior of those whom they render care Norms & values - CORRECT ANSWER-soecific practices that guide the actions and decisions of each person in a group based on their culture. Can be learned or shared. Kleinman Explanatory Model - CORRECT ANSWER-A set of questions that the APN can use in order to assess the culture of a patient. Socioeconomic status - CORRECT ANSWER-A measure that takes into account three interrelated dimensions: a person's income level, education level, and typ of occupation. Disparities - CORRECT ANSWER-a higher burden of illness, injury, disability, or mortality experiences by one grup relative to another Minorities - CORRECT ANSWER-a group of people who because of their physical or cultural characteristics, are singled out from the other in society Food desert - CORRECT ANSWER-neighborhoods and communities that have limited access to affordable and nutritious foods Social determinants of health - CORRECT ANSWER-poverty, education level, raciam, income, and poor housisng that effect access to healthcare Social justice theory - CORRECT ANSWER-the goal that all people will have equal opportunity to healthcare access and quality of healthcare will be the same Data sources utilized to access determinants of health - CORRECT ANSWER-Healthy People 2020, US Census, US Department of Health and Human Services, Office of Minority Health and Health Disparities Accommodation - CORRECT ANSWER-To create an environment that accomodates health practice and ritual from other cultures within a plan of care Acculturation - CORRECT ANSWER-degree to which an individual from one culture has given up the traits of that culture and adopted the traits of the dominant culture in which they now reside Assimilation - CORRECT ANSWER-the social, economic, and political integration of a cultural group into mainstream society to which it may have emigrated Genetics - CORRECT ANSWER-place patients at higher risk for certain disease and if family history reveals this a screening tool could be used to determine the likelihood of a person developing the disease Genetic risk assessment - CORRECT ANSWER-when a patient is determined to have a gene that places them at a higher risk of having a disease such as cancer, diabetes, or cardiovascular disease Genomics - CORRECT ANSWER-study of all genes in the human genome as well as their interaction with other genes, the individuals environment, and the influence of cultural and psychosocial factors Pharmacogenomics - CORRECT ANSWER-medication efficacy, toxicity, and drug interaction based on genetic variations Components of genetic risk assessment - CORRECT ANSWER-Accurate family history for 3 generations or genetic blood testing to reveal genes Relationship between genetics and environment - CORRECT ANSWER-a patient may have a gene increasing risks of disease while also being exposed to environmental factors that also increase risk for disease. i.e. lung cancer and radon gas Cultural competence - CORRECT ANSWER-A dynamic, fluid, continuous process whereby an individual, system or healthcare agency find meaningful and useful care delivery strategies based in knowledge of the cultural heritage, beliefs, attitudes, and behavior of those to whom they tender care Norms and values - CORRECT ANSWER-Specific practices that guide their actions and decisions of each person in a group based on their culture. Can be either learned or shared. Kleinman Explanatory Model - CORRECT ANSWER-A set of questions the advanced practice nurse can use in order to assess the culture of a patient Socio economic status - CORRECT ANSWER-A measure that takes into account three interrelated dimensions: a persons income level, education level, and type of occupation. Some measures of socioeconomic status use only one dimension such as income. Disparities - CORRECT ANSWER-A higher burden of illness, injury, disability, or mortality experienced by one group in relation to another Minorities - CORRECT ANSWER-A group of people who because of their physical or cultural characteristics are singled out from the others in society; black, Hispanic, Native American, Asian Pacific. Food desert - CORRECT ANSWER-Neighborhoods and communities that have limited access to affordable and nutritious food