ICT2621 SUMMARY

ICT2621 SUMMARY • THE PROCESS OF UNDERSTANDING AND SPECIFYING IN DETAIL WHAT THE INFORMATION SYSTEM SHOULD ACCOMPLISH IS CALLED SYSTEMS . o Design o Initial study o Analysis o Administration • WHAT NAME IS GIVEN TO A SYSTEM THAT IS PART OF A LARGER SYSTEM? o Supersystem o Information system o Subsystem o Minifunction • AN AUTOMATION BOUNDARY IS BEST DESCRIBED AS THE SEPERATION BETWEEN THE o System and its environment o Automated part of a system and the manual part of a system o Manual part of a system and its environment o Automated part of a system and its environment • CHANGES IN SOFTWARE DEVELOPMENT, TECHNOLOGY, AND BUSINESS PRACTICES HAVE CREATED MANY NEW CAREER OPPORTUNITIES OF ANALYST, INCLUDING THREE OF THE FOLLOWING. WHICH ONE IS NOT ONE OF THE THREE? o Sales and support of ERP software o Auditing, compliance and security o Web development o Hardware electronic assembly • DURING WHICH PROCESS DO EXECUTIVES TRY TO ANSWER KEY QUESTIONS ABOUT THE COMPANY? o Business process reengineering o Strategic planning o Information systems strategic planning o Enterprise resource planning (ERP) • A DESCRIPTION OF THE HARDWARE, SOFTWARE AND COMMUNICATION NETWORKS REQUIRED TO IMPLEMENT PLANNED INFORMATION SYSTEMS IS CALLED o Information systems plan o Applications architecture planning o A technology architecture plan o Enterprise technology planning • WHAT IS THE LAST STEP OF THE ANALYST’S APPROACH TO PROBLEM SOLVING? o Monitor to make sure that you obtain the desired results o Decide which solution is best, and make a recommendation o Verify that the benefits of solving the problem outweighs the costs o Implement the solution • THE TWO SYSTEMS THAT ARE EXTERNALLY ORIENTED, I E THEY FOCUS ON ENTITIES OUTSIDE OF THE ORGANISATION ARE o Collaboration support and knowledge management systems o Manufacturing and supply chain management systems o Accounting/financial and human resource management systems • WHICH ONE OF THE FOLLOWING ACTIVITIES IMPROVES THE PERFORMANCE OF THE COMPANY? SELECT THE MOST APPROPRIATE OPTION: o Business process reengineering o Strategic planning o Technology impact planning o Enterprise resource planning • THE PRIMARY OBJECTIVE OF THE ANALYSIS PHASE IS TO o Analyse the capabilities and structure of the previous system o Prioritise the alternatives for a system o Determine the basic structure and approach for the new system o Understand and document the user’s needs and requirements • WHAT IS THE FIRST OFFICIAL ACTIVITY OF THE PROJECT TEAM AS IT INITIATES THE PROJECT PLANNING PHASE? o Define the business problem o Staff the project team o Develop a cost/benefit analysis o White a project proposal • WHICH ONE OF THE FOLLOWING DESCRIBES A PLANNED UNDERTAKING THAT PRODUCE A NEW INFORMATION SYSTEM? o Systems development project o Phase o Systems development life cycle (SDLC) o Design phase • WHICH OF THE FOLLOWING DESCRIBES AN APPROACH OF PROGRAMMING WHICH BREAKS MORE COMPLEX PROGRAMS INTO A SUBSET OF PROGRAM MODULES? o Incremental o Iterative o Generalization-subgeneralisation o Top-down • ONE MAIN PRINCIPLE OF STRUCTURED DESIGN IS THAT PROGRAM MODULES SHOULD BE DESIGNED SO THAT THEY ARE . o Highly engineered o Tightly coupled o Highly cohesive o Rapidly prototyped • A KEY CONCEPT IN THE MODEL APPROACH IS THE FOCUS OF RISK. o Risk o Extreme programming (XP) o Spiral o Agile • WHICH OF THE FOLLOWING IS NORMALLY THE MOST TIME-CONSUMING AND RESOURCE- EXPENSIVE OPERATION? o Building prototypes o Observing business processes o Reviewing existing reports o Interviewing stakeholders • QUESTIONNAIRES CAN BE USED TO ASK QUESTIONS THAT . o Determine user opinions o Determine the stakeholders o Define the systems functions o Detail user procedures • WHICH ONE OF THE FOLLOWING OPTIONS DESCRIBES THE CHARACTERISTICS OF A PROTOTYPE? o Includes work procedures, both extensive and throwaway o Is operative and executable, is focused on a specific objective, is quickly built o Has a good look and feel, is executable, and is complete o Is quickly built, has a mock-up, and is complete • WHAT IS THE MAIN PURPOSE OF JOINT APPLICATION DESIGN (JAD)? o To establish a design environment o To design a prototype o To expedite the design of the system o To expedite the investigation of system requirements • WHICH SYSTEM MODEL SHOWS WHAT THE SYSTEM IS SUPPOSED TO DO IN GREAT DETAIL, WITHOUT COMMITTING TO ANY ONE TECHNOLOGY? o Vertical o Physical o Logical o Hardware • THE MODERN STRUCTURED ANALYSIS TECHNIQUE USES DATA FLOW DIAGRAMS (DFDs) AND . o Entity-relationship diagrams (ERDs) o Activity diagrams o Decision support systems (DSS) o Workflows CENGAGE CHAPTER 1: THE WORLD OF THE INFORMATION SYSTEMS ANALYST • SYSTEMS ARE SO COMPLEX THAT AN ORGANISATION MUST OFTEN COMMIT NEARLY EVERYONE IN THE INFORMATINO SYSTEM DEPARTMENT AND THROUGHOUT THE ORGANISATION TO RESEARCH OPTIONS. o HRM o AFM o ERP (pg 10) o B2C • ARE STRATEGIES FOR COMPLETING SPECIFIC SYSTEM DEVELOPMENT ACTIVITIES. o Techniques (pg 12) o Tools o Processes o Transactions • ARE DEVELOPED TO SOLVE PROBLEMS FOR ORGANISATIONS, AND A SYSTEMS ANALYST IS OFTEN THROUGHT OF AS A PROBLEM SOLVER RATHER THAN A PROGRAMMER. o Strategic systems o Information systems (pg 4-5) o Database systems o Office support systems • A SYSTEM THAT CONTROLS INTERNAL PRODUCTION PROCESSES THAT TURN RAW MATERIALS INTO FINISHED GOODS IS KNOWN AS A(N) SYSTEM. o Accounting and financial management o HR management o Collaboration support o Manufacturing management (pg 10) • A TYPICAL PROCESS CAN TAKE MONTHS OR EVEN YEARS, AND OFTEN PLANS ARE CONTINUALLY UPDATED. o Strategic planning (pg 17) o Ad hoc planning o Transaction o System • A(N) IS A COLLECTION OF INTERRELATED COMPONENTS THAT COLECT, PROCESS, STORE, AND PROVIDE AS OUTPUT THE INFORMATION NEEDED TO COMPLETE A BUSINESS TASK. o System boundary o Enterprise application o Technique o Information system (6-7) • A(N) INCLUDES HARDWARE, SOFTWARE, INPUTS, OUTPUTS, DATA, PEOPLE A AND PROCEDURES. o Strategic system o Information system (pg 8) o Subsystem o Application architecture • A(N) IS A CENTRALLY MANAGED COLLECTION OF DATA THAT IS ACCESSIBLE TO MANY USERS AND SYSTEMS AT THE SAME TIME. o ERP o CSS o HRM o Database (11) • THE IS THE SEPERATION BETWEEN A SYSTEM AND ITS ENVIRONMENT THAT INPUTS AND OUTPUTS MUST CROSS. o Automation boundary o Communication boundary o Application boundary o System boundary (8) • IS A PROCESS IN WHICH AN ORGANISATION COMMITS TO USING AN INTEGRATED SET OF SOFTWARE PACKAGES FOR KEY INFORMATION SYSTEMS. o Technology architecture planning o Application architecture planning o Enterprise resource planning (pg 11) o Information systems strategic planning • A COLLECTS INFORMATION ON EMPLOYEES AND THEIR WORK, PROCESSES AND STORES THAT INFORMAITON, AND THEN PRODUCES PAYCHECKS (AMONG OTHER THINGS) FOR THE ORGANISATION o Network system o Payroll system (7) o Web system o Sales management system • DIVIDING A SYSTEM INTO COMPONENTS BASED ON SUBSYSTEMS THAT, IN TURN, ARE FURTHER DIVIDED INTO SUBSYSTEMS IS REFERRED TO AS . o Strategic planning o System analysis o Functional decomposition (7) o Systems design • The is a description of the hardware, software and communications networks required to implement planned information systems. o Technology architecture plan (pg 17) o Application architecture plan o Enterprise resource plan o Information systems strategic plan • A system collects information about customers, sales, products, and inventory levels. o Network o Payroll system o Web o Sales management system (7) • A sales management system might be one subsystem of a system. o Web o Customer relationship management o Network o Payroll • In developing the information systems , members of the staff look at the overall organisation to anticipate problems rather than react to systems problems as they come up. o Strategic plan o Application plan o Database plan o System plan • The is the plan defining the technology and applications that the information systems function needs to support the organisation’s strategic plan. o Information systems strategic plan o Communication plan o Office support o Systems design plan • seeks to alter radically the nature of the work done in a business function. o Strategic planning o Functional decomposition o Systems analysis o Business process reengineering • Systems analysis and design is, first and foremost, a field grounded in time-tested and evolving knowledge and techniques o Theoretical, rapidly o Theoretical, slowly o Practical, rapidly o Practical, slowly • is the process of specifying in detail how the many components of the information system should be physically implemented. o Systems design o Systems analysis o Automation o Strategic planning • are strategies for completing specific system development activities o techniques o tools o processes o transactions • A(n) is a collection of interrelated components that collect, process, store and provide as output the information needed to complete a business task. o System boundary o Enterprise application o Technique o Information system • Every has a boundary between its and its environment o System o Input o Output o SDLC • The automated part of the system consists of tasks that are completed by . o Temp workers o Contractors o Computers o Management • People today are attracted to information systems careers because (IT) can have a dramatic impact on productivity and profits. o Internet transactions o Information transactions o Internet technology o Information technology • of the system is (are) also the most expensive part(s) of the project. o Interface design o Database design o Maintenance and support o Initial estimation • Systems analysis and design is, first and foremost, a field ground in time-tested and evolving knowledge and techniques. o Theoretical, rapidly o Theoretical, slowly o Practical, rapidly o Practical, slowly • is the process of understanding and specifying in detail what the information system should accomplish. o Systems design o Systems analysis o Automation o Strategic planning • After a(n) is set, it drives all the organisation’s processes, so all areas of the organisation must participate and coordination their activities. o Strategic plan o Ad hoc plan o Transaction o System • A enables geographically distributed personnel to collaborate on projects and tasks. o Knowledge management system o Business intelligence system o Collaboration support system o Human resource system • A(n) system supports strategic planning and executive decision making. It enables users to organise internal and external data about customers, suppliers, competitor, and economic conditions o Business intelligence o HR management o Manufacturing management o Knowledge management • A system that controls internal production processes that turn raw materials into finished goods is knows as a(n) system.