PCN-100 Final Exam Study Guide (100% Correct Answers)

Major theories of addiction correct answers -The Moral Model -Psychological Models -Family Models -The Disease Model -The Public Health Model -The Developmental Model -Biological Models -Sociocultural Models -Multicausal Models The Moral Model correct answers -do not accept that there is any biological basis for addiction; they believe that there is something morally wrong with people who use drugs heavily. -based on beliefs or judgments of what is right or wrong, acceptable or unacceptable. -explains addiction as a consequence of personal choice, and individuals who are engaging in addictive behaviors are viewed as being capable of making alternative choices. This Psychological Models correct answers -Cognitive-Behavioral Models -Learning Models -Psychodynamic Models -Personality Theory Models Cognitive-Behavioral Models correct answers -one of the psychological models -suggests that there are a variety of motivations and reinforcers for taking drugs (positive reinforcement) -Examples of the motivations: experiencing variety, self-exploration, religious insights, altering moods, escape from boredom or despair, and enhancement of creativity, performance, sensory experience, or pleasure Learning Models correct answers -assumes that alcohol or drug use results in a decrease in uncomfortable psychological states such as anxiety, stress, or tension, thus providing positive reinforcement to the user. -This learned response continues until physical dependence develops and the aversion of withdrawal symptoms becomes a reason and motivation for continued use. Psychodynamic Models correct answers -links addiction to ego deficiencies, inadequate parenting, attachment disorders, hostility, homosexuality, masturbation, and so on -A major problem with psychodynamic models is that the difficulties linked to early childhood development are not specific to alcoholism or addiction, but are reported by nonaddicted adults with a variety of other psychological problems