D307 QUESTIONS AND VERIFIED ANSWERS LATEST UPDATE 2023

D307 QUESTIONS AND VERIFIED ANSWERS LATEST UPDATE 2023 Order of Maslow's Hierarchy of Needs - ANSWER Physiological, safety, love and belonging, esteem, cognitive, aesthetic, self-actualization, transcendence Physiological Needs - ANSWER biological requirements for survival EX) food, water, shelter clothing Safety Needs - ANSWER protection from the elements, financial and physical security, law and order, freedom of fear EX) bullying Love and Belonging Needs - ANSWER interpersonal relationships EX) friendships, intimacy, trust, romance and love, being part of a group Esteem Needs - ANSWER self-respect, respect from others, achievement, independence, status prestige Self-Actualization Needs - ANSWER personal growth and fulfillment and the realization of one's personal potential as a human being EX) morality, creativity, spontaneity, problem solving, lack of prejudice, acceptance of facts WANT TO BE THE BEST AT SOMETHING Deficiency Needs - ANSWER physiological, safety, love and belonging, and esteem Growth Needs - ANSWER self-actualization Transcendence - ANSWER meeting spiritual needs or helping others achieve selfactualization Aesthetic - ANSWER search for and expression of beauty and balance EX) painting, architecture, music Cognitive - ANSWER curiosity, knowledge, intellectual exploration Infant - ANSWER Birth - 2 years Hold up heads, roll over, reach for things, sit, crawl, walk Year Two: increased coordination, manipulation of small toys, feed themselves, make a tower of blocks, jump and run awkwardly, throw a ball, use a zipper Early Childhood - ANSWER 2 - 6 years Toddlers: run, hop, tumble, play, swing, fine motor skills developing, string beads, jigsaw puzzles By Four: print name, dress/undress self, eats with utensils By Six: print letters and numbers, use pencils/crayons/paints with better control, bounces & catches a ball Middle Childhood - ANSWER 6 - 10 years Slowly/steadily gain weight and height Permanent teeth Organized sports, speed and coordination skills improve Fine: improved handwriting and drawing, sew, build models, crafts Adolescence - ANSWER 10 - 18 years Weight/Height increase rapidly Puberty: girls earlier than boys, increase in hormones Reject adult authority, think of themselves as adults By late stage: boys taller and more muscular than girls Older stage: reach sexual maturity Who developed the maturational-development theory? - ANSWER Arnold Gesell Internal Factor of Growth Pacing - ANSWER physical/mental development, genetics, personality, and temperament External Factors of Growth Pacing - ANSWER parenting styles, environment, peers, culture, and health Sensorimotor Stage - ANSWER 0 - 2 years know world through movement and sensation Preoperational Stage - ANSWER 2 - 7 years illogical, egocentric, pretend play Concrete Operational Stage - ANSWER 7 - 11 years factual, hands-on, concept of conservation Formal Operational Stage - ANSWER 12 years and up abstract thought Scheme - ANSWER category of knowledge and process of obtaining that knowledge Assimilation - ANSWER taking in new information into our already existing schema Accommodation - ANSWER changing schema because of new information Equilibrium - ANSWER balance between applying previous knowledge (assimilation) and changing behavior to account for new knowledge (accommodation) Vygotsky - ANSWER