LPN Pharmacology Proctored Exam With Advanced Answers.

ACE Inhibitors - correct answer inhibit angiotensin II, potent vasoconstriction of efferent arterioles. Used to treat hypertension and heart failure. Acetylcholinesterase Inhibitors - correct answer Promote the accumulation of acytylcholines, resulting in prolonged cholinergic effects. Adrenergic - correct answer Drug that has the effects of epinephrine Adrenergic Blocking agents - correct answer Inhibits the adrenergic system, preventing stimulation of the adrenergic receptors. Aldosterone Receptor Antagonists - correct answer Block stimulation of mineralcorticoid receptors by aldosterone, thus reducing high blood pressure by preventing sodium reabsorption. Aminoglycosides - correct answer Gentimicin, Tobramycin, and related antibiotics; particularly effective against gram-negative microorganisms; noted for potentially dangerous toxicity. Analgesics - correct answer Narcotic and nonnarcotic; relieve pain without producing loss of consciousness or reflex activity Androgens - correct answer Stimulate the development of masculine characteristics. Angiotensin ll Receptor Antagonists - correct answer Also known as ARB's (a very potent vasoconstrictor), prevents angiotensin ll from binding to receptor sites in vascular smooth muscle, brain, heart, kidneys, and adrenal glands, thus blocking the blood pressure elevating and sodium retaining effects of angiotensin ll. Anesthetics - correct answer i.e. Local or General Anesthetics; cause a loss of sensation with or without loss of consciousness. Antacids - correct answer Medications which neutralize acids in the stomach and lower excessively high levels of acid that result from eating certain foods. Antianginals - correct answer Used to prevent or treat attacks of angina pectoris; most common is nitroglycerin. Antianxiety - correct answer Used to prevent anxiety symptoms or disorders; also known as minor tranquilizers or anxiolytics, although the term tranquilizer is avoided today to prevent the misperception that the patient is being tranquilized Antiarrhythmics - correct answer Used to correct cardiac arrhythmias (any heart rate or rhythm other than normal sinus rhythm) Antibiotics - correct answer Used to treat infections caused by pathogenic microbes; term is often used interchangeably with antimicrobial agents. Anticholinergic - correct answer Blocks the action of acetylcholine in the parasympathetic nervous system. Used to treat intestinal, bladder, and bronchial spasms. Also known as a cholinergic blocking agent, antispasmodics, and parasympathetic agents. Anticoagulants - correct answer DO NOT DISSOLVE EXISTING BLOOD CLOTS! Do prevent enlargement or extension of blood clots. Anticonvulsants - correct answer Suppress abnormal neuronal activity in the CNS, preventing seizures Antidepressants - correct answer drugs that combat depression by affecting the levels or activity of neurotransmitters in the brain Antidiabetics - correct answer Also known as hypoglycemics; include insulin (used to treat type 1 diabetes mellitus) and oral hypoglycemic agents (used in the treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus) Antidiarrheals - correct answer Relieve of control the symptoms of acute or chronic diarrhea Antiemetics - correct answer These medications prevent or arrest vomiting. Also used to treat vertigo, motion sickness and nausea. Antfungals - correct answer Miconazole, used to treat fungal infections. Antiglaucoma - correct answer Used to reduce intraocular pressure for the treatment of glaucoma. Antigout - correct answer Used in the treatment of active gout attacks or to prevent future attacks. Antihistamines - correct answer Used to treat allergy symptoms; may also be used to treat motion sickness, insomnia, and other nonallergic reactions.