CHM 2046 General chemistry 2 ch. 14 part 2 learning objectives summary

Preffes
Exam 3-CH H .




18.Define and identify examples of a buffer solution


"Buffer solution" :
solutions that resist off changes when small amounts of strong ads/bases are added
↳ weak acid/base and its conjugate pair.

acia/base
conjugate + 2
Weal acid/base + base) acid
ung
same concentration ? has to be foro the mol of
wenk acid/base

>
-
How do they work ?
⑪ ⑨



① ④
base creates & Base (At Ad (HA)
↳
Adding Adding acid reates & acid (HA) aless base (Al ↳

19.Relate the pH of a buffer solution to the initial concentration of each component
20.Solve for the pH change in a buffer solution given initial concentrations and the addition of an
acid or base
pla pleb
+ = 14
Henderson-Hasselback :


pH
=
-log (ka) +
log e Ka +
ky =
10
-1



↳ relates buffer's plt to -



[MJo of components pla


(XIm)
(YMofUNAM Of
Ex) "Calculate pH buffer with T

Milnew
of of
mol =




HendersonFormal
a
pluy in

# mol conjugale zw
=



= new M
(X + z(m/ (X + z)L ase

"
CALCULATING pH CHANGES IN BUEFER SOLUTIONS :




① Stoichiometry calculations calculate how the addition
:
changes the amounts of original acia base a conjugate pair

② Equilibrium calculations calculate plt base on new amounts of acidlbase a conjugate
·

-




Hendeson H pH equation !
-
-




.

, 21.Given the Ka and initial concentrations of a buffer describe the buffer range and buffer
capacity for a buffer




22.Describe the purpose of an acid-base titration and the role of the pH meter (or indicator)
and equivalence point in a titration -




23.Describe the differences in titration curves between strong acid-strong base, weak acid-strong
base, and strong acid-weak base and be able to solve for the pH among these situations given
concentrations