Hypertension Focused D027 exam with 100% correct answers

In the general population, pharmacologic treatment should be initiated when blood pressure is: 150/90 mm Hg or higher in adults 60 years and older, or 140/90 mm Hg or higher in adults younger than 60 years In patients with hypertension and diabetes, pharmacologic treatment should be initiated when blood pressure is: 140/90 mm Hg or higher, regardless of age. Brainpower Read More Initial antihypertensive treatment should include what medications? a thiazide diuretic, calcium channel blocker, ACE inhibitor, or ARB in the general nonblack population or a thiazide diuretic or calcium channel blocker in the general black population. If the target blood pressure is not reached within one month after initiating therapy, the dosage of the initial medication should be: increased, or a second medication should be added. Patient education for anti-hypertensive medications should always include: Slow position changes, lying down if hypotension occurs, consider taking at night so they can sleep at times when orthostatic hypotension might occur Ace Inhibitors reduce levels of __________ and increase levels of _______: Angiotensin II; Bradykinin So ACE inhibitors as a result dilate blood vessels, reduce blood volume and prevent or reverse pathologic changes in heart and blood vessels. Common side effects of ACE Inhibitors: Hyperkalemia, Fetal injury, cough and angioedema. Dry cough is most common side effect and reason for switching medications; 10% complain of mild to severe dry cough, sometimes does not go away on its own, which requires medication to be stopped/changed. Since it can go away on its own sometimes, patients may be asked to try it for