Applied Behavior Analysis, Chapter 3
Anecdotal Observation - Ans - -Sometimes called ABC recording, an anecdotal report
(diary record); records all behavior as it occurs.
-produces written narrative of an individual's behaviors throughout a specified period of
time & description of environmental conditions under which the behaviors were emitted.
-continuous, requires full attention to the person being observed.
Assessment Methods - Ans - Indirect Measures
--Interviews
--Checklists
Direct Measures
-Tests
-Direct observation
Behavior Checklist - Ans - -Typically Likert-scale assessments
-ask about antecedents & consequences.
-can use standardized measures.
-Provides descriptions of specific skills.
Behavior Cusp - Ans - -special type of behavior that provides the learner with
opportunities to access:
--new reinforcers
--new contingencies
--new environments
--new related behaviors
Characteristics of Good Definitions - Ans - -Objective --> refer only to the observable.
-Clear --> Readable and unambiguous
-Complete --> Delineate boundaries of what is to be included as an instance of the
response and what is to be excluded.
Defining Target Behaviors:
Role & Importance of Definitions - Ans - -Definitions required for replication
-Replication required to determine usefulness of data in other situations.
-Necessary for research.
, Determining Habilitation - Ans - (1) Relevance of behavior after intervention
(2) Necessary prerequisite skills
(3) Increased access
(4) Impact on behavior of others
(5) Behavior Cusp
(6) Pivotal Behavior
Determining Habilitation - Ans - 1. the target behavior age-appropriate?
2. Is this the Behavior Intended for Change?
-Focus is on the behavior, not the end product.
3. Is It just talk or the behavior of interest?
- Focus on what the client actually does and not so much on what they say.
Determining Habilitation - Ans - AGE APPROPRIATENESS
-Normalization
-Philosophy of achieving greatest possible integration of people with disabilities into
society.
Five Phases of Assessment - Ans - 1. Screening
2. Defining problem or criteria for achievement
3. Pinpointing target behaviors
4. Monitoring progress
5. Following-up
Four Major Methods for Obtaining Assessment Information:
(1) Interviewing the Individual - Ans - -Identify list of potential target behaviors
(what/when, avoiding why)
-Identify primary concerns
Four Major Methods for Obtaining Assessment Information:
(2) Interviewing Significant Others - Ans - -Develop behavioral descriptions
--Asking what/when/how
--AVOID WHY!
Four Major Methods for Obtaining Assessment Information:
(3) Testing the Client - Ans - -Uses tests and standardized assessment devices
developed to assess behavior.
--compares performance to specified criteria
--NORM-REFERENCED.
LIMITATIONS:
-Results cannot be translated directly into target behaviors FOR INSTRUCTION OR
TREATMENT.
Anecdotal Observation - Ans - -Sometimes called ABC recording, an anecdotal report
(diary record); records all behavior as it occurs.
-produces written narrative of an individual's behaviors throughout a specified period of
time & description of environmental conditions under which the behaviors were emitted.
-continuous, requires full attention to the person being observed.
Assessment Methods - Ans - Indirect Measures
--Interviews
--Checklists
Direct Measures
-Tests
-Direct observation
Behavior Checklist - Ans - -Typically Likert-scale assessments
-ask about antecedents & consequences.
-can use standardized measures.
-Provides descriptions of specific skills.
Behavior Cusp - Ans - -special type of behavior that provides the learner with
opportunities to access:
--new reinforcers
--new contingencies
--new environments
--new related behaviors
Characteristics of Good Definitions - Ans - -Objective --> refer only to the observable.
-Clear --> Readable and unambiguous
-Complete --> Delineate boundaries of what is to be included as an instance of the
response and what is to be excluded.
Defining Target Behaviors:
Role & Importance of Definitions - Ans - -Definitions required for replication
-Replication required to determine usefulness of data in other situations.
-Necessary for research.
, Determining Habilitation - Ans - (1) Relevance of behavior after intervention
(2) Necessary prerequisite skills
(3) Increased access
(4) Impact on behavior of others
(5) Behavior Cusp
(6) Pivotal Behavior
Determining Habilitation - Ans - 1. the target behavior age-appropriate?
2. Is this the Behavior Intended for Change?
-Focus is on the behavior, not the end product.
3. Is It just talk or the behavior of interest?
- Focus on what the client actually does and not so much on what they say.
Determining Habilitation - Ans - AGE APPROPRIATENESS
-Normalization
-Philosophy of achieving greatest possible integration of people with disabilities into
society.
Five Phases of Assessment - Ans - 1. Screening
2. Defining problem or criteria for achievement
3. Pinpointing target behaviors
4. Monitoring progress
5. Following-up
Four Major Methods for Obtaining Assessment Information:
(1) Interviewing the Individual - Ans - -Identify list of potential target behaviors
(what/when, avoiding why)
-Identify primary concerns
Four Major Methods for Obtaining Assessment Information:
(2) Interviewing Significant Others - Ans - -Develop behavioral descriptions
--Asking what/when/how
--AVOID WHY!
Four Major Methods for Obtaining Assessment Information:
(3) Testing the Client - Ans - -Uses tests and standardized assessment devices
developed to assess behavior.
--compares performance to specified criteria
--NORM-REFERENCED.
LIMITATIONS:
-Results cannot be translated directly into target behaviors FOR INSTRUCTION OR
TREATMENT.
