NAVLE practice Questions and correct answers 2024

NAVLE practice Questions and correct answers 2024 Pyrrolizidine alkaloid toxicity is caused by chronic ingestion of which one of the following plants? A. Astragalus spp. (locoweed) B. Lupinus spp. (lupine) C. Nerium spp. (oleander) D. Senecia spp. (ragwort) E. Persea spp. (avocado) D. Senecia spp. (ragwort) Common plants containing pyrrolizidine alkaloids (PA) are: Senecia vulga jacobea, Amsinckia intermedius, Heliotropium europaeum, Crotalaria spectabilis. Although generally not palatable, livestock will eat these plants when on pasture when forage is scarce. Chronic ingestion allows accumulation oof toxic levels of PA, resulting in fibrosis. Poisoning is most common in horses and cattle. Sheep and goats are more resistant to toxic effects. A 15 year old cat is presented with a 3 week progression of wandering in circles to the left, standing in corners, and dull mentation. Conscious proprioceptive deficits (knuckling) can be elicited in the right thoracic and right pelvic limbs. There is a decreased menace response on the right, but palpebral and pupillary light reflexes are normal in both eyes. The rest of the examination is normal. A brain tumor is suspected. Where is the most likely location of the lesion? A. Right brainstem B. Right cerebrum C. Left brainstem D. Left cerebrum E. Cerebellum D. Left cerebrum Conscious proprioception and viscual perception are affecting lesions in the contralateral cerebral hemisphere. Circling direction is generally toward the side of the lesion. Visual loss doss not fit with brainstem lesion. A twelve year old female spayed miniature schnauzer presents with a history of seisure-like episodes. Physical exam reveals an irregular heart beat, CBC and panel are unremarkable except for a mild triglyceridemia. ECG shows sinus arrest with bradycardia and tachycardia. Which one of the following choices is the most likely diagnosis? A. Sick sinus syndrome B. Atrial fibrillation C. First degree AV block D. Ventricular tachycardia E. All of these A. Sick sinus syndrome The seizure-like episodes, after questioning the owner further, were actually syncopal episodes. Syncope lacks muscle activity and post ictal behavior. Older female miniature schnauzers are overrepresented with sick sinus syndrome.