FAU Dr. Brooks - Biological Principles - Unit 3 Comprehensive Study Guide 2024 with complete Solutions

FAU Dr. Brooks - Biological Principles - Unit 3 Comprehensive Study Guide 2024 with complete Solutions What is the cell theory? - Answer- All organisms are made come from cells and are made up of cells Cells must reproduce for what 2 reasons? - Answer- Cells must reproduce either to perpetuate the species or create a multi-celled individual Cell reproduction involves which two processes? - Answer- Cell reproduction involves mitosis (duplication and division of the nucleus) and cytokinesis (division of the rest of the cell) If the process of cell reproduction via mitosis & cytokinesis produces identical (clone) cells, then which cell reproductive process causes variation within offspring? - Answer- Meiosis (sexual reproduction) causes variation within offspring because it involves the combining of two differing sets of genetics from two different individuals. Mitosis (a-sexual reproduction) involves the duplication and splitting of a single nucleus, which results in two identical (clone) cells. Although siblings may be of the same sex, they alter in appearance. Would they be considered mutants? - Answer- No, differences between siblings are based on Meiosis, not mutations. What is the difference between Asexual reproduction and Sexual reproduction? - Answer- Within Asexual reproduction, an organism reproduces asexually (without a partner) which results in offspring being identical (clones). Within Sexual reproduction, an organism requires a partner to produce sexually which results in variation among offspring. What is a big disadvantage to Asexual reproduction? How is it threatening to a population? - Answer- A big disadvantage to Asexual reproduction is that all offspring are identical (clones). With all offspring being identical, there is much more risk of the entire population being susceptible to a virus/infection. What is the ploidy for humans? - Answer- 1n = 23, with 2n = 46 total chromosomes 1n (Haploid = 1 set) 2n (Diploid = 2 set) Does haploid mean half of diploid? - Answer- NO! Haploid (1n) refers to "one set" while Diploid (2n) refers to "two sets" Why must organisms split their chromosomes into one set (Haploid/1n) before reproduction? - Answer- Organisms must split their chromosomes from diploid/2n to haploid/1n so the combining of the sperm and egg can result in the offspring possessing two sets of chromosomes (aka diploid/2n offspring) True/False: Most organisms are nearly indistinguishable within early developmental stages of life. - Answer- TRUE! Evolutionary relationship among organisms shows shared characteristics among all organisms within early embryonic developmental stages. Example: Within early embryonic developmental stage, humans posses slits which later disappear, whereas fish posses the same slits which then turn into gills. What is the term which describes only the duplication of a single nucleus into two identical nuclei? - Answer- Mitosis What is the term of which describes dividing two identical nuclei as well as the remaining cytocontents? - Answer- Cytokinesis