DH 105 DENTAL AND MEDICAL TERMINOLOGY REVIEW EXAM Q & A 2024 HERZING.

DH 105 Dental and Medical Terminology Review Exam Q & A 2024 1. **Case Study**: A 45 -year-old male presents with dysphagia and odynophagia. Upon examination, a barium swallow study reveals a narrowed esophagus with tertiary contractions. What is the most likely diagnosis? - A) Achalasia - B) Esophageal cancer - C) Gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) - D) Esophageal spasm **Answer**: A) Achalasia. The p resence of dysphagia and odynophagia, along with the radiographic findings, suggest a motility disorder of the esophagus, most likely achalasia. 2. **Case Study**: A 60 -year-old female with a history of smoking and chronic cough presents with hemoptysis. A chest X -ray shows a mass in the upper lobe of the right lung. Which diagnostic procedure would be most appropriate to determine the nature of the mass? - A) Bronchoscopy - B) Thoracentesis - C) Pulmonary function test - D) Sputum culture **Answer**: A) Bronchoscopy. Given the patient's history and radiographic findings, bronchoscopy is the most appropriate procedure to obtain a biopsy for histopathological examination. 3. **Case Study**: During a dental examination, a 50 -year-old patient i s found to have gingival recession, pocket formation, and tooth mobility. Which condition is most consistent with these findings? - A) Dental caries - B) Periodontitis - C) Gingivitis - D) Dental abscess **Answer**: B) Periodontitis. The sym ptoms described are indicative of periodontitis, which involves inflammation and destruction of the supporting structures of the teeth. 4. **Case Study**: A patient presents with flank pain and hematuria. Imaging studies reveal a staghorn calculus occupyi ng a large portion of the renal pelvis. What is the first -line treatment for this condition? - A) Intravenous antibiotics - B) Percutaneous nephrolithotomy (PCNL) - C) Extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy (ESWL) - D) Oral dissolution therapy **Answer**: B) Percutaneous nephrolithotomy (PCNL). For large or complex stones such as staghorn calculi, PCNL is often the first -line treatment. 5. **Case Study**: An adolescent patient presents with scoliosis. Upon further investigation, it is determ ined that the curvature is progressive and surgical intervention may be required. Which specialist should be consulted for definitive management? - A) Neurologist - B) Orthopedic surgeon - C) Rheumatologist - D) Physiatrist **Answer**: B) Or thopedic surgeon. Progressive scoliosis often requires surgical intervention by an orthopedic surgeon specializing in spinal surgeries. 6. **Case Study**: A patient complains of severe epigastric pain that radiates to the back and is accompanied by nausea and vomiting. Laboratory tests reveal elevated serum amylase and lipase levels. What is the most likely diagnosis? - A) Peptic ulcer disease - B) Acute pancreatitis - C) Cholecystitis - D) Hepatitis **Answer**: B) Acute pancreatitis. The cl inical presentation and laboratory findings are consistent with acute pancreatitis. 7. **Case Study**: During an eye examination, an ophthalmologist observes increased intraocular pressure, cupping of the optic disc, and visual field loss in a patient com plaining of seeing halos around lights. What is this condition called? - A) Cataract - B) Glaucoma - C) Macular degeneration