Human Rights 2024 Exam Answered

Human Rights 2024 Exam Answered What are Human Rights? - ANSWER- The underlying idea is that all human beings, simply because they are human beings, are entitled to be treated according to certain minimum standards Human Rights regime - ANSWER- the way people have come to do things with human rights; individuals scholars who talk about human right; states because they sign the treaties, certain rules that dictate the treaties, just a way of doing things that has developed evolved since early 50s many rights people did not think about then, more on whats happening even when theres no war now, constantly developing and evolving Is there a definition in UDHR? - ANSWER- Not really...recognition of the internet dignity and of the equal and inalienable rights of all members of the human family is the foundation of freedom, justice, and peace in the world (tells us there equal to all human beings and are based on inherent dignity) goes on to say that no distinction can be made by race, sex, language etc. so basically defining what we mean as equality Other Definition - ANSWER- Rights that belong to an individual or group of individuals as a consequence of being human. They refer to a wide continuum of values or capabilities thought to enhance human agency and declared to be universal in character, in some sense equally claimed for all human beings Donnelly's Definition - ANSWER- Human rights are literally the rights one has because one is human "To have a right to x is to be entitled to x" Have the right to demand things when you're entitled to them Objective enjoyment would be the norm in a good society (rights apparently never enter the situation) you only need to state your rights when they are violated In a perfect world they would never come into discussion (we say theres a right not to be tortured, but people tortured everyday, since they are at times violated they must be codified) They are social practices to realize the abstract values of freedom, equality, liberty Where do we get human rights from? - ANSWER- Donnelly says man's moral nature. (weak argument because plenty of evidence that when people have the opportunity they treat one another poorly) *"Human rights are needed not for life, but for a life of dignity" "Human rights are at once a utopian ideal and a realistic practice for implementing that ideal. They say, in effect, 'Treat a person like a human being and you'll get a human being.' But they also say 'Here's how you treat someone like a human being,' and proceed to enumerate a list of human rights" (p. 16). Donnelly where do they come from? - ANSWER- *not rooted in human nature *many societies have denied them on carefully justified grounds * "Human rights ultimately rest on a social decision to act as though such 'things' existed - and then, through social action directed by these rights to make real the world that they envision" *overlapping consensus: international consensus to defend human rights *they seek to fuse moral vision with political practice How did modern concept of human rights arise? - ANSWER- *The concept that all people are entitled to dignified treatment simply because of their humanity arose in a specific historical and geographic context: Western Europe and North America in the 19th and 20th centuries. Two main historical sources: 1) Judeo-Christian religious moral teachings 2) Enlightenment era liberal philosophical principles and related political documents * Elements of human rights concepts can be found in other cultures and religions in other times and places, but origins of what we think of as human rights today lie in these two main sources Moral Roots from Religion? What is religion? - ANSWER- Morals, having a set of beliefs, having some kind of religious practice (worship), getting people to act a certain, thoughts about life after death before birth etc. Human Dignity - ANSWER- Concept that all people are due basic treatment is widespread, but human rights asserts something more specific...all people without distinction deserve dignified treatment according to specific codified standards Where did that idea come from? Judeo-Chrstain tradition for source of... - ANSWER- what constitutes dignified treatment and idea of universality Ten Commandments - ANSWER- Sets limits on behavior Regulates society through articulation of specific moral standards Supremacy of God; people need to acknowledge a higher power always remember you were once slaves, should have empathy there's a higher law that dictates behavior/ same with human rights; higher principles every country needs to follow above national law next tells how to show human dignity do not steal, covet, etc. Essence of the Law - ANSWER- 10.12 So now, O Israel, what does the Lord your God require of you? Only to fear the Lord your God, to walk in all his ways, to love him, to serve the Lord your God with all your heart and with all your soul, 13and to keep the commandments of the Lord your God and his decrees that I am commanding you today, for your own well-being. Again emphasized subservience to higher law and adherence to moral code for their own well being Deuteronomy and Leviticus readings - ANSWER- Concept of Sabbatical year: debts removed every 7 years, and slaves freed- but only for people of the community Concept of Charity: if there is someone in your community in need, help them when you keep the harvest of your land leave some for the poor and the alien Justice and equality of all people within the community no unjust judgment do not slander others Story of Jonah - ANSWER- Nineveh is capital of Assyria, Israel's chief enemy God has compassion for them and is their God as well Introduces concept of more universal humanity Love your enemies/ forgiveness Jonah warns them that God will show his wrath on them, they repent and God forgives them, Jonah is mad that he forgives them God is still the God of Nineveh: form of universality The Rich man and Lazarus - ANSWER- shows consequence of not helping the poor and charity Idea of universal humanity - ANSWER- Story of Samaritan Woman; Jesus is there even for apostates and heretics whose versions of Judaism were unacceptable for the Jews If Jesus takes water from the Samaritan woman he will be unclean and restricted in synagogue talks to a Samaritan woman about Jewish law, even though she is not Jewish the principles still apply to her too Circumcision Debate - ANSWER- Christian salvation is even for non-Jews Jesus was a Jew, transforming Judaism to Christianity Paul: in order to be Christian you need to be Jewish and in order to be Jewish you need to be circumcised= we no longer need this law because we have Jesus' salvation which is for everyone, even non-jews Applying to Human Rights: - ANSWER- "in Christ Jesus you are all children of God through faith ... 28 There is no longer Jew or Greek, there is no longer slave or free, there is no longer male and female; for all of you are one in Christ Jesus." *you can't earn salvation, you can only believe and accept God's grace *Jesus saved all: universality *Murders don't earn the right to a lawyer, they are guaranteed to it