MED SURGE CH. 30: CORONARY HEART DISEASE NCLEX EXAM | QUESTIONS & ANSWERS (VERIFIED) | LATEST UPDATE | GRADED A+

MED SURGE CH. 30: CORONARY HEART DISEASE NCLEX EXAM | QUESTIONS & ANSWERS (VERIFIED) | LATEST UPDATE | GRADED A+ The nurse instructs a patient about modifiable risk factors for coronary artery disease. Which statements indicate that teaching has been effective? (Select all that apply) 1. I should stop smoking to reduce my risk of heart disease 2. Restricting my activity reduces the onset of heart disease 3. I should drink alcohol because this prevents hearts disease 4. There is not much that can be done to prevent heart disease 5. Obesity is a risk actor that I can change to reduce the onset of heart disease Correct Answer: 1, 5 Modifiable risk factors for the development of coronary artery disease include obesity, smoking, and physical inactivity A patient is prescribed lovastatin (Mevacor) for hyperlipidemia. What should the nurse instruct the patient about this medication? 1. Abstain from alcohol use while taking this drug 2. Take the drug with meals to minimize gastric distress 3. Promptly report muscle pain or tenderness to the physician 2 4. Consume a diet that includes no more than 20% of calories from saturated fat. Correct Answer: 3. Lovastatin is a first line drug for treating hyperlipidemia and can cause myopathy. All patients should be instructed to report muscle pain and weakness or brown urine, which is an indication of muscle breakdown. The nurse is caring for a patient with stable angina. Which assessment finding would be consistent with this medical diagnosis? 1. Persistent ECG changes 2. Increasing nocturnal pain 3. Correlation between activity level and pain 4. Evidence of impaired cardiac output such as weak peripheral pulses. Correct Answer: 3. Stable angina is the most common and predictable form of angina. It occurs with a predictable amount of activity or stress and usually occurs when the work of the heart is increased by physical exertion, exposure to the cold, or by stress. The nurse is caring for a patient with acute coronary syndrome. Which nursing diagnosis should be the priority for this patient? 1. Anxiety related to unknown outcome of disorder 2. Decreased cardiac output related to myocardial ischemia 3. Ineffective Health Maintenance related to lack of knowledge about coronary heart disease 4. Ineffective tissue perfusion: cardiopulmonary related to underlying coronary heart disease 3 Correct Answer: 4. Acute coronary syndrome is a dynamic state in ehich coronary blood flow is acutely reduced, but not fully occluded. Myocardial cells are injured by acute ischemia that redults. The most important goal of care is to reestablish tissue perfusion through the use of medication or surgery. The nurse is caring for a patient recovering from a coronary angioplasty with stent placement. Which intervention is a priority for the patient at this time? 1. Securing chest tubes to bedding 2. Maintaining leg extension on the affected side 3. Discontinuing intravenous lines when taking oral fluids 4. Treating chest pain with intravenous morphine as needed Correct Answer: 2. The cardiac catheter used to insert the stent is usually inserted via the femoral artery, a large, high-pressure vessel. The leg is maintained in extension for a prescribed period after the procedure to reduce the risk of bleeding, hematoma formation, or clot formation at the insertion site. The nurse is planning care for a patient with acute myocardial infarction. What goals should the nurse use to guide this patient's care? (Select all that apply) 1. Relieve chest pain 2. Prevent complications 3. Reduce blood viscosity 4. Decrease cardiac workload 5. Reduce myocardial damage Correct Answer: 1,2,4,