Case 3 ADHD, behavioral disorders and motor disorders
1. In the DSM-5, the disorder ADHD is defined based on a list of behavioural
characteristics. Can ADHD be objectified or rejected in Jeffrey based on the data
described above? If so, are all aspects of ADHD present in Jeffrey (i.e., subtype)?
1
, - In virtually all community samples, the proportion of individuals who meet symptom
criteria for the inattentive type (50%) is higher than the proportion who meet symptom
criteria for the hyperactive-impulsive type (20%) or combined type (30%). In contrast,
samples recruited through clinics typically include a much higher proportion of
individuals with the combined type (60%) than with the inattentive type (30%) or
hyperactive-impulsive type (10%). This difference suggests that although more
children and adolescents in the population meet symptom criteria for the inattentive
type, individuals who meet symptom criteria for the combined type are more likely to
receive clinical services. More males than females with ADHD. The reasons for these
sex, ethnic, and cross-national differences in the prevalence and treatment of ADHD
are currently unknown.
- Symptom dimensions: Previous studies provide strong support for the internal and
external validity of the inattention and hyperactivity-impulsivity symptom dimensions.
both symptom dimensions are associated with multiple aspects of global, academic,
and social impairment. inattention symptoms were more strongly associated with
internalizing symptoms, academic difficulties, and neurocognitive weaknesses,
whereas hyperactive-impulsive symptoms more strongly predicted comorbid
externalizing behaviors, peer rejection, and accidental physical injuries.
- Children with the combined type are more likely to be disliked by peers, exhibit higher
rates of oppositional defiant disorder and conduct disorder, and experience more
frequent accidental injuries sufficiently severe to require care from a physician,
whereas individuals with the inattentive type are more likely to be socially passive or
isolated. On the other hand, the inattentive and combined types exhibit similar
weaknesses on nearly all academic and neurocognitive measures, and etiologically
informative studies generally suggest that these subtypes are due at least in part to
common familial and genetic influences
2. What about the neuropsychological functioning of children with ADHD? Which
neuropsychological profiles can be distinguished within ADHD? Apply this
knowledge to the neuropsychological assessment of Jeffrey.
Chapter yeates
Neuroimaging studies
- Frontal-Striatal Networks: One primary PFC circuit includes the thalamus, basal
ganglia, and dorsolateral and ventrolateral regions of the PFC. Human and primate
studies suggest that this network is especially important for executive control
processes, such as response selection and inhibition, maintenance and manipulation of
information, and planning and organization of behavior. All structural MRI studies
2
1. In the DSM-5, the disorder ADHD is defined based on a list of behavioural
characteristics. Can ADHD be objectified or rejected in Jeffrey based on the data
described above? If so, are all aspects of ADHD present in Jeffrey (i.e., subtype)?
1
, - In virtually all community samples, the proportion of individuals who meet symptom
criteria for the inattentive type (50%) is higher than the proportion who meet symptom
criteria for the hyperactive-impulsive type (20%) or combined type (30%). In contrast,
samples recruited through clinics typically include a much higher proportion of
individuals with the combined type (60%) than with the inattentive type (30%) or
hyperactive-impulsive type (10%). This difference suggests that although more
children and adolescents in the population meet symptom criteria for the inattentive
type, individuals who meet symptom criteria for the combined type are more likely to
receive clinical services. More males than females with ADHD. The reasons for these
sex, ethnic, and cross-national differences in the prevalence and treatment of ADHD
are currently unknown.
- Symptom dimensions: Previous studies provide strong support for the internal and
external validity of the inattention and hyperactivity-impulsivity symptom dimensions.
both symptom dimensions are associated with multiple aspects of global, academic,
and social impairment. inattention symptoms were more strongly associated with
internalizing symptoms, academic difficulties, and neurocognitive weaknesses,
whereas hyperactive-impulsive symptoms more strongly predicted comorbid
externalizing behaviors, peer rejection, and accidental physical injuries.
- Children with the combined type are more likely to be disliked by peers, exhibit higher
rates of oppositional defiant disorder and conduct disorder, and experience more
frequent accidental injuries sufficiently severe to require care from a physician,
whereas individuals with the inattentive type are more likely to be socially passive or
isolated. On the other hand, the inattentive and combined types exhibit similar
weaknesses on nearly all academic and neurocognitive measures, and etiologically
informative studies generally suggest that these subtypes are due at least in part to
common familial and genetic influences
2. What about the neuropsychological functioning of children with ADHD? Which
neuropsychological profiles can be distinguished within ADHD? Apply this
knowledge to the neuropsychological assessment of Jeffrey.
Chapter yeates
Neuroimaging studies
- Frontal-Striatal Networks: One primary PFC circuit includes the thalamus, basal
ganglia, and dorsolateral and ventrolateral regions of the PFC. Human and primate
studies suggest that this network is especially important for executive control
processes, such as response selection and inhibition, maintenance and manipulation of
information, and planning and organization of behavior. All structural MRI studies
2
