Chapter 1: The Chemistry of Life exam study guide questions and answers

organisms living things that are composed of chemicals and that an understanding of life requires an understanding of chemistry. Molecules the smallest units into which water can be subdivided and still have the same properties of water. Elements substances that cannot be broken down chemically into simpler substances. Atoms the smallest unit of an element that still has the chemical properties of that element. subatomic atoms are built of ____ particles. electron negative charge proton positive charge neutron no charge electron shells electrons that are distributed throughout the cloud based on differing levels of energy. isotopes Atoms of the same element that differ in their number of neutrons chemicals bonds are the attraction, sharing, or transfer of outer shell electrons form one atom to another. chemical reaction involves the making and breaking of chemical bonds. cells basic units of life. law of conservation of matter States that matter is neither created nor destroyed in chemical reactions. Activation energy is the energy needed to get a chemical reaction started ionic bond the attraction between oppositely charged ions covalent bond two atoms share one or more pairs of electrons hydrogen bond a weak attraction can occur between a slightly positive hydrogen atom in a molecule and a nearby slightly negative atom of another molecule. pH scale the level of H+ and OH- ions in solution is described by a range of numbers known as the ____. acidic A solution having more H+ than OH- and has a ph less than 7 basic A solution that has more OH- than H+ and has a pH greater than 7 organic carbon atoms are combined with hydrogen and usually oxygen. macromolecules carbon atoms can combine in long chains that form the backbone of large, complex molecules, or ------------------ carbohydrates all living types of cells contain this monosaccharides the simplest carbohydrates are single sugars known as __ disaccharides a double sugar polysaccharides several glucose molecules may bond to form complex carbohydrates known as __ lipids fats and oils that have two primary functions: long-term storage of energy and carbon and building of structural membranes. proteins structural components of cells as well as messengers and receivers (receptors) between cells. Amino Acids small molecules that contain carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, and nitrogen atoms, two also conation sulfur atoms. peptide bonds covalent bonds formed between amino acids are called __ COPPA Safe Harbor Certification seal