PATHO370 –WCU pathophysiology final exam

PATHO370 –WCU pathophysiology final exam Which statement characterizes the nature and capabilities of the liver? (Select all that apply.) The liver plays a role in the digestion of fats. Blood detoxification is a function of the liver. Liver function is seriously impaired with even minimal damage. Liver function can be sustained artificially during hepatic failure. The liver is vulnerable to illness, but has considerable repair abilities. - ans-The liver plays a role in the digestion of fats. Blood detoxification is a function of the liver. The liver is vulnerable to illness, but has considerable repair abilities. The functions of the liver are multiple and include metabolism of fats, proteins, and glucose and detoxification of endogenous and exogenous substances. Although vulnerable to variety of metabolic, circulatory, toxic, microbial, and neoplastic insults, the liver has a high degree of reserve and the ability to repair itself if circulation remains intact. More than 80% of the liver may be destroyed before life is threatened. Artificial liver function is not yet perfected. Which statement(s) are true regarding replication of the HIV virus? (Select all that apply.) Accuracy of transcription is poor with multiple mutations. HIV viruses that enter the cells must be converted to double-stranded DNA. The conversion of the DNA is made by the reverse transcriptase from the viral DNA. The DNA is a template copied by the DNA polymerase to make a second DNA strand. The process of HIV replication is responsible for the ineffectiveness of many antiviral drugs. - . A patient is diagnosed with dementia. There has been an increase in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) volume, but no increase in intracranial pressure. What type of hydrocephalus is this patient demonstrating - ans-Normal pressure A 39-year-old patient who has been taking a specific antibiotic for years without problems develops tachycardia, lowered blood pressure, wheezing, and urticaria when given this antibiotic in the clinic. The most likely explanation for this occurrence is that the patient - ans-is experiencing an anaphylactic hypersensitivity reaction to the antibiotic. Contraction of vascular smooth muscle (referred to as vasomotor tone) is mostly accomplished via the extrinsic mechanism of the autonomic nervous system, resulting in which receptor response? - ans-α-1 Because arteries have the most smooth muscle, they are most affected by central nervous system stimulation. The release of norepinephrine (the postganglionic neurotransmitter) results in arterial vasoconstriction via the α-1 receptors located on the vascular smooth muscle walls Although β-2 receptors on smooth muscles are affected, they only increase nutrient and oxygen supplies to skeletal muscles via vasodilation, not vasoconstriction, during times of stress. β-1 and α-2 receptor responses are not involved in this scenario. Which statement is true?: Women have a lower hemoglobin level than men. Men have a lower creatinine level than women. Men have a higher calcium level than women. Women snore more than men. - ans-Women have a lower hemoglobin level than men. Hematopoiesis is a process that includes which of the following (select all that apply): Oxyhemoglobin dissociation Mitotic division Reticulocytosis Chloride shift Maturation - ans-Mitotic division Chloride shift Which is a transport form for CO2 in the blood? (Select all that apply): Dissolved gas As a bicarbonate ion Between bivalent molecules Attached to erythropoietin Association with hemoglobin (Hgb) - ans-Dissolved gas As a bicarbonate ion Association with hemoglobin (Hgb) What is the name for the arrangement in which separate cells of the myocardium can function together? - ans-Syncytium