PC 707 Module 8 Spring Exam with 100% Verified and Updated Solutions

PC 707 Module 8 Spring Exam with 100% Verified and Updated Solutions What is the first line oral diabetic medicaiton? - answerBiguanides (Metformin) What is the MOA of Biguanides? - answerIncreases insulin action by suppressing glucose output from the liver, enhancing receptor sensitivity to insulin in muscle and fat, reduces glucose absorption in the gut What are the potential side effects of Biguanides? - answerMetallic taste in mouth, mild anorexia, nausea, abd discomfort, diarrhea What are the adverse effects of Biduanides? - answerLactic acidosis What are the potential drug to drug interactions of Biduanides? - answerCimetidine (increased metformin blood levels); Sulfonylurea or insulin What are the contraindications of Biguanides? - answerMen with serum cr level 1.5 mg/dL or greater; women with serum Cr level of 1.4 mg/dL or greater What is the use of Biguanides in pregnancy? - answerCategory B with growing evidence it is safe and effective during pregnancy but consult OB or endocrinology prior to prescribing What is the use of Biguanides in lactation? - answerExcreted in breastmilk at same levels as plasma What is the use of Biguanides in children? - answerNo studies conducted for use in children under 10 years What are specific monitoring parameters for Biguandies? - answerRenal function annually, monitor for lactic acidosis What is the MOA of Sulfonylureas? - answerStimulating insulin secretion causing increased responsiveness of beta cells to both glucose and non-glucose secretagogues What are the potential side effects of Sulfonylureas? - answerHypoglycemia; nausea, skin reactions, abnormal liver function tests, weight gain What are the adverse effects of Sulfonylureas? - answerSIADH What are the potential drug to drug interactions of Sulfonylureas? - answeralcohol What are the contraindications of Sulfonylureas? - answerhypersensitivitiy to the drug and cross sensitivity to thiazides What is the use of Sulfonylureas in pregnancy? - answerFirst generation contraindicated in pregnancy, second generation (Glyburide) have not been associated with fetal effects like first generation. Is associated with increased risk of fetal hyperinsulinemia and maternal hypoglycemia What is the use of Sulfonylureas in lactation? - answercontraindicated What is the use of Sulfonylureas in children? - answerSafety and efficacy not established What is the use of Sulfonylureas in the elderly? - answerUse shorter acting drugs What should be monitored with Sulfonylureas? - answerHgb A1c What is the MOA of Thiazolidinediones? - answerReverse insulin resistance by acting on muscle, fat, and to a lesser extent liver What are the potential side effects of Thiazolidinediones? - answerWeight gain, HTN, HF, myocardial ischemia What are the adverse effects of Thiazolidinediones? - answerLiver injury What are the potential drug to drug interactions of Thiazolidinediones? - answeroral contraceptives What are the contraindications of Thiazolidinediones? - answerALT greater than 2.5 times the upper normal limit What is the use of Thiazolidinediones in pregnancy? - answerCategory C, benefit must outweigh the risks What is the use of Thiazolidinediones in lactation? - answerLack of sufficient evidence What is the use of Thiazolidinediones in children? - answerLack of safety and efficacy studies What needs to be monitored with the use of Thiazolidinediones? - answerALT What is the MOA of Alpha-glucosidase inhibitors? - answerInhibitor the upper gastrointestinal enzymes that convert dietary starch and other complex carbohydrates into simple sugars which can then be absor