PC707 Module 8 – Exam with 100% Verified and Updated Solutions

PC707 Module 8 – Exam with 100% Verified and Updated Solutions What type of diabetes is the result of autoimmune induced pancreatic beta cell destruction resulting in insulin deficiency? - answerType I DM Jenna, a 67 yo diabetic female was admitted to the ER with the following signs: Dehydration Abdominal pain Vomiting Decreased level of consciousness What is going on with Jenna? - answerDKA What age group does Type I DM normally occur in? - answerUnder 30 What is the symptomatic presentation of Type I DM? - answer(1) Involuntary weight loss (2) polyuria (3) polydipsia (4) polyphagia What is treatment for Type I DM? - answerLifelong insulin treatment What is a genetically predetermined and environmentally modified condition that causes reduced tissue sensitivity to insulin? - answerType II DM A decrease in insulin will cause a increase in _________________ - answerGlucagon How often does the American Diabetes Association recommended screening adults for DM? - answerEvery 3 years What is the normal target for HgA1C? - answer<5.7% Pre-diabetes HbA1c range - answer5.7-6.4% Diabetic control for most patients is an A1C less than ___% - answer7% An A1C in the ___ to ___% range may reduce microvascular complications such as retinopathy progression and albuminuria yet the increased incidence of hypoglycemic episodes increases in this range. - answer6% to 6.5% T/F. AIC levels should be standardized across the board. - answerFalse. Individualized What are some things that may lead to increased hypoglycemia when taking insulin? - answer(1) Increased work or exercise without eating (2) illness (3) emotional distress (4) other stressors Why don't some people like taking insulin? - answerWeight gain T/F. Tight control of AIC in the elderly is preferred over moderate control. - answerFalse What can hypokalemia lead to when a patient is taking insulin? - answerCan lead to respiratory paralysis How would you teach a patient how to manage hypoglycemia? - answer(1) Check the blood glucose level if signs or symptoms are present (2) If the blood glucose level is less than 70 mg, treat with 15 g of fast-acting carbohydrate, such as 4 oz of fruit juice of 3-4 glucose (3) Recheck the blood glucose level after 15 minutes to ensure that it has normalized Is insulin bioavailable in the stomach? - answerNo. Must be given by injection or IM Normal fasting blood glucose Pre diabetic: Diabetic: - answer<100 mg/dL 100-125 mg/dL >126 mg/dL Normal random glucose Pre diabetic: Diabetic: - answer<130 mg/dL 130-199 mg/dL >200 mg/dL Lispro (Humalog), Aspart (NovoLog), Glulisine (Apidra) _________ acting; Onset _________ and peaks around ______ hour - answerRapid 5-15 minutes 1 hour Regular (Humulin R, Novolin R) insulin is _____________ acting; Onset _____________ and peaks around ____ hours - answerShort 15-30 minutes 3 hours NPH (Humulin N, Novolin N) insulin is ____________ acting; Onset ___________ and peaks around ______ hours - answerIntermediate 1-2 hours 5 hours Glargine (Lantus), Detemir (Levemir)are _________ acting; Onset __________ and peaks around ______ hours - answerLong 1-2 hours No peak 24 (all day) 1st line treatment in type II diabetes? Only drug in RCTs that has been shown to decrease mortality and diabetic complications. - answerMetformin What are the off label uses of biguanide (metformin)? - answer(1) PCOS (2) GDM Metformin MOA - answerReduces hepatic glucose