Detailed answer key RN 49 C9 Pharmacology

Detailed Answer Key RN 46 C9 Pharmacology Both albuterol and cromolyn are used to prevent exercise-induced bronchospasm, but administration should be made prior, not after, exercising. D. "I will administer the medications 10 minutes apart." Rationale: Inhalations of different medications should be administered 2 to 5 minutes apart. 8. A nurse is completing a medication history for a client who reports using over-the-counter calcium carbonate antacid. Which of the following recommendations should the nurse make about taking this medication? A. Decrease bulk in the diet to counteract the adverse effect of diarrhea. Rationale: The major adverse effect of calcium carbonate is constipation. The nurse should recommend the client increase bulk in the diet. B. Take the medication with dairy products to increase absorption. Rationale: Taking calcium carbonate with milk predisposes the client to milk alkali syndrome, which is characterized by headache, confusion, nausea, vomiting, alkalosis, and hypercalcemia. C. Reduce sodium intake. Rationale: Clients who take aluminum hydroxide, not calcium carbonate, antacids should be advised against excessive sodium intake in the diet. D. Drink a glass of water after taking the medication. Rationale: Calcium carbonate is a dietary supplement used when the amount of calcium taken in the diet is not enough. Calcium carbonate may also be used as an antacid to relieve heartburn, acid indigestion, and stomach upset. The client should drink a full glass of water after taking an antacid to enhance its effectiveness. 9. A nurse is caring for a client who has deep vein thrombosis and has been on heparin continuous infusion for 5 days. The provider prescribes warfarin PO without discontinuing the heparin. The client asks the nurse why both anticoagulants are necessary. Which of the following statements should the nurse make? A. "Warfarin takes several days to work, so the IV heparin will be used until the warfarin reaches a therapeutic level." Rationale: Heparin and warfarin are both anticoagulants that decrease the clotting ability of the blood and help prevent thrombosis formation in the blood vessels. However, these medications work in different ways to achieve therapeutic coagulation and must be given together until therapeutic levels of anticoagulation can be achieved by warfarin alone, which is usually within 1 to 5 days. When the client's PT and INR are within therapeutic range, the heparin can be discontinued. B. "I will call the provider to get a prescription for discontinuing the IV heparin today." Rationale: Discontinuing the IV heparin is not indicated at this time. C. "Both heparin and warfarin work together to dissolve the clots." Rationale: Created on:08/29/2018 Page