Unit 1: Foundation of American Democracy advanced text 2024/2025.

Those who possess a disproportionate share of political power would adhere to which theory of American Democracy? - Answerselite and class Democratic centralism presupposes the existence of all of the following except - Answersa limited government. The term democracy was originally associated with - AnswersAristotle. Important theories explaining political elites derived from all of the following writers except - AnswersSigmund Freud. In the development of the Constitution, three-fifths of the slaves were counted for purposes of - Answersallotting seats in the House of Representatives. Of the following, the best example of participatory democracy is - Answersa New England town meeting. The arrangement by which individuals gain power through competition for the people's vote is called - Answersrepresentative democracy. The protection of "life, liberty, and property" was the designated reason for government, as defined by - AnswersJohn Locke. When a locality is required by federal law to do something, regardless of whether it receives federal funding for that purpose, this duty is a - Answersmandate. Constitutional amendments are usually ratified by - Answerslegislatures of three-fourths of the states. Compared with a unitary system, a federal system is more likely to lead to - Answersregional variation in public policy. An important outcome of Marshall's ruling in McCulloch v. Maryland (1819) was to - Answersconfirm the supremacy of the federal government in the exercise of the constitutional powers granted to Congress. Congress has effectively established a 21-year-old drinking age by - Answerswithholding highway funds for states that don't comply. Separation of power and federalism were two key principles in the framing of the Constitution. These two principles are related in that each - Answersinvolved a system of checks and balances in which power is dispersed. Ratification of the Constitution took place by - Answersstate legislatures. Generally, the Anti-federalists felt that the government created by the Constitution was - Answerstoo strong and too centralized. Each state would have had an equal number of votes in the legislature under the - AnswersNew Jersey Plan. The intent of the New Jersey Plan was to _____ the old Articles of Confederation. - Answersamend The Supreme Court case that established national supremacy was - AnswersMcCulloch v. Maryland. Congress is allowed to go beyond powers specifically listed because of the - Answersnecessary and proper clause. Extradition is the requirement that - Answersmust return a person charged with a crime in another state for trial and imprisonment. The view of human nature most prevalent among the Founding Fathers was that - Answerspeople are self-interested in acquiring wealth and power. The Federalist Papers were - Answersessays written in support of ratification of the constitution. The delegates at the Constitutional Convention were - Answersthe nation's economic elite. The fact that a driver's license from one state is valid in other states is an example of - Answersfull faith and credit. Grants-in-aid - Answershave decreased over the last thirty years. John Locke believed in each of the following except - Answersdivine right of kings. Among the many compromises worked out at the Constitutional Convention of 1787 after the adoption of the Great Compromise, was that the - Answerssouthern slaves would be represented by three-fifths of a vote. All of the following were concerns about the Articles of Confederation that led to the calling of the Constitutional Convention of 1787 except - Answersdissatisfaction over safeguards of individual rights and liberties. Karl Marx and C. Wright Mills would be most likely to agree on - Answersthe existence of a small power elite. Jefferson's phrase, "the pursuit of happiness," stated in the second paragraph of the Declaration of Independence, was more specifically interpreted by colonists to mean the right to - Answersproperty. The effect of Shay's rebellion on attendance by delegates at the planned Constitutional Convention of 1787 was to - Answersencourage attendance by delegates fearing the collapse of state government. The Tenth Amendment - Answersstates that powers not delegated to the United States by the Constitution, nor prohibited by the states, are reserved to the states. The Constitution provided that slaves escaping to a free state were to - Answersbe returned to their masters. To allay fears that the Constitution would restrict personal freedoms, the Federalists promised to - Answersadd amendments to the Constitution specifically protecting individual freedoms. Categorical grants include all of the following except - Answerscategorical grants are given more or less automatically to states to use at their discretion. Under federalism, - Answersthe power of the national government has grown relative to the powers of the states. As a check on the power of Congress, - Answersthe Supreme Court can declare a law unconstitutional. In Printz v. U.S. and Mack v. U.S. (1997) the Supreme Court ruled that - Answersthe federal government cannot issue directive requiring states to address particular problems. The Madisonian requirement that each branch of government acquire the consent of the others for many of its actions created a system of - Answerschecks and balances. Two key elements of the Madisonian model were to - Answersrequire a system of checks and balances and extend political equality. A government's main purpose is to - Answersmaintain social order, provide public goods, and promote equality. Because the Founders believed they were creating a government of limited powers, they felt it unnecessary to - Answersspecify what Congress could not do.