AQA A-LEVEL SOCIOLOGY
7192/1 Paper 1 Education with
Theory and Methods Mark
scheme June 2023 - 2025
,Particularistic standards - ANS-Children are not judged by a
clear measure of achievement
Universalistic standards - ANS-Children are judged by a
clear measure of achievement and are compared to other
children
Durkheim - ANS-1) Promotes social solidarity
2) Prepares young people
Parsons - ANS-1) Secondary socialisation = education
teaches universalistic standards and acts as a bridge
between family and wider society
2) Meritocracy = a meritocratic society is built on 2 key
values:
+Individual achievement
+Equal opportunity
,Davis and Moore - ANS-Role allocation = for society to
function effectively, the most talented individuals need to be
allocated to the most important jobs
Evaluation of the functionalist view - ANS-+ Hargreaves
argues that schools put more of an emphasis on
competition than social solidarity
+ Ascribed characteristics are more important in
determining income later in life than achievement in school
+ Education is not meritocratic because schools
discriminate against some groups e.g. w/c, black pupils
Althusser - ANS-+ ISA = control people's beliefs and ideas
indirectly e.g. religion, the mass media and education
+ RSA = physical force used by the state to repress the w/c
e.g. police, courts and the army
Bowles and Gintis - ANS-The correspondence principle = the
education system mirrors work structure
, E.g. obedience to teacher = obedience to boss, value of
extrinsic rewards, acceptance of inequality through the ISA
Bowles and Gintis - evaluation of role allocation - ANS-+
found that the most obedient students got the highest
grades
+ means that the education system rewards those who
conform to the qualities required of the future workplace
Bowles and Gintis - myth of meritocracy - ANS-+ Argue that
in reality, success is based on class background
+ By promising the untrue claim that rewards are based on
ability, it helps workers to accept inequality
Sugarman - w/c subculture - ANS-1) Present time orientation
2) Immediate gratification
3) Collectivism
4) Fatalism
Sugarman - m/c subculture - ANS-Deferred gratification -
m/c taught to work for long term rewards e.g more tend to go
into higher education
7192/1 Paper 1 Education with
Theory and Methods Mark
scheme June 2023 - 2025
,Particularistic standards - ANS-Children are not judged by a
clear measure of achievement
Universalistic standards - ANS-Children are judged by a
clear measure of achievement and are compared to other
children
Durkheim - ANS-1) Promotes social solidarity
2) Prepares young people
Parsons - ANS-1) Secondary socialisation = education
teaches universalistic standards and acts as a bridge
between family and wider society
2) Meritocracy = a meritocratic society is built on 2 key
values:
+Individual achievement
+Equal opportunity
,Davis and Moore - ANS-Role allocation = for society to
function effectively, the most talented individuals need to be
allocated to the most important jobs
Evaluation of the functionalist view - ANS-+ Hargreaves
argues that schools put more of an emphasis on
competition than social solidarity
+ Ascribed characteristics are more important in
determining income later in life than achievement in school
+ Education is not meritocratic because schools
discriminate against some groups e.g. w/c, black pupils
Althusser - ANS-+ ISA = control people's beliefs and ideas
indirectly e.g. religion, the mass media and education
+ RSA = physical force used by the state to repress the w/c
e.g. police, courts and the army
Bowles and Gintis - ANS-The correspondence principle = the
education system mirrors work structure
, E.g. obedience to teacher = obedience to boss, value of
extrinsic rewards, acceptance of inequality through the ISA
Bowles and Gintis - evaluation of role allocation - ANS-+
found that the most obedient students got the highest
grades
+ means that the education system rewards those who
conform to the qualities required of the future workplace
Bowles and Gintis - myth of meritocracy - ANS-+ Argue that
in reality, success is based on class background
+ By promising the untrue claim that rewards are based on
ability, it helps workers to accept inequality
Sugarman - w/c subculture - ANS-1) Present time orientation
2) Immediate gratification
3) Collectivism
4) Fatalism
Sugarman - m/c subculture - ANS-Deferred gratification -
m/c taught to work for long term rewards e.g more tend to go
into higher education
