Motor Learning Test 3: Chapters 7, 8, & 9 Exam Questions and Answers

Motor Learning Test 3: Chapters 7, 8, & 9 Exam Questions and Answers Name the 3 classes of common features that maximize transfer - Answer-Common Movement Patterning Common Perceptual Elements Common Strategic or Conceptual Elements Name Fitts' Stages of Motor learning - Answer-Cognitive Stage Fixation (Associative Stage) Autonomous Stage Name Bernstein's Stages of Motor Learning - Answer-Freezing Degrees of Freedom Releasing Degrees of Freedom Exploiting the Dynamics of the system Elements of the definition of Motor Learning - Answer-Capability- reflects the fact that any performance may not reflect the skill level that underlies the performance Practice and Experience- You cannot have learning without practice and experience because skills, and thus learning, cannot be developed without it (they are not abilities) Performance- Changes in performance are how we infer learning has occurred, but not all performance changes are due to learning Relatively Permanent- If the performance changes are not relatively permanent, we know that learning did not occur because no new skills were developed The method scientists use to examine variables that influence people's performance in a uniform way is general motor ability abilities differential approach experimental approach - Answer-experimental approach The differences in people's performance that are caused by differences in stable and enduring abilities are individual differences skills abilities general motor ability - Answer-individual differences The method scientists use to examine individual abilities or differences (factors that make people different from each other) is general motor ability abilities differential approach experimental approach - Answer-differential approach The term __________ describes proficiencies that can be modified by practice and are essentially countless in number. skills abilities individual differences movement continuities - Answer-skills All of the following are important distinctions of abilities except inherited traits stable and enduring few in number developed with practice - Answer-developed with practice An early view that a single global ability is the basis for all motor behavior (now viewed as incorrect) specificity hypothesis general motor ability hypothesis task analysis hypothesis generalized motor program hypothesis - Answer-general motor ability hypothesis A view that several specific independent motor abilities are the basis for every type of motor performance is specificity hypothesis general motor ability hypothesis task analysis hypothesis generalized motor program hypothesis - Answer-specificity hypothesis The method of measuring the strength of a relationship between people's performance scores on two tasks is approximation grouping correlation specificity - Answer-correlation Selecting someone for a high-performance team because he or she performs well as a novice is problematic because the relative importance of various underlying abilities can change as a learner progresses from beginner to expert it requires allowing as many performers as possible to participate as long as possible expert coaches and trainers are needed to make the decision the underlying abilities for successful novice performance must be identified first - Answer-the relative importance of various underlying abilities can change as a learner progresses from beginner to expert The study of __________ involves two distinct emphases: abilities and prediction. individual differences skills abilities general motor ability - Answer-individual differences