Midterm Exam Study Guide 2024 Questions and Answ

Midterm Exam Study Guide 2024 Questions and Answers Psychology - Answer-The scientific study of behavior and mental processes. Benefits of studying psychology - Answer-Improved self-understanding, critical thinking skills, and career opportunities. Wilhelm Wundt - Answer-Considered the father of psychology, established the first psychology laboratory. William James - Answer-Founder of functionalism, focused on the purpose and function of behavior. Objective introspection - Answer-The process of objectively examining and measuring one's own thoughts and mental activities. Structuralism - Answer-An early school of psychology that focused on the structure of the mind and conscious experience. Functionalism - Answer-An early school of psychology that focused on the purpose and function of behavior. Sigmund Freud - Answer-Founder of psychoanalytic theory, focused on the unconscious mind and childhood experiences. Gestalt psychology - Answer-Focused on the organization of perception and the whole experience, rather than individual parts. Behaviorism - Answer-The study of observable behavior and the role of the environment in shaping behavior. Ivan Pavlov - Answer-Conducted experiments on classical conditioning using dogs. John B. Watson - Answer-Founder of behaviorism, believed that behavior is learned through conditioning. B. F. Skinner - Answer-Contributed to behaviorism with his research on operant conditioning and reinforcement. Humanism - Answer-A psychological perspective that emphasizes the potential for personal growth and self-actualization. Abraham Maslow - Answer-Prominent humanistic psychologist, known for his hierarchy of needs. Carl Rogers - Answer-Prominent humanistic psychologist, known for his client-centered therapy. Cognitive revolution - Answer-A shift in psychology towards studying mental processes and information processing. Noam Chomsky - Answer-Believed that the focus of psychology should be on understanding language and cognition. Naomi Weisstein - Answer-Critiqued psychology for its gender bias and lack of diversity. Approaches to psychology - Answer-Biopsychology, evolutionary psychology, sensation and perception, cognitive psychology, developmental psychology, personality psychology, social psychology, industrial-organizational psychology, sport and exercise psychology, clinical psychology, forensic psychology. APA - Answer-American Psychological Association, the largest professional organization of psychologists in the United States