PUBH 6011 Final Test with Complete Solutions

PUBH 6011 Final Test with Complete Solutions Protein Synthesis - Answer-DNA to mRNA via Transcription in the nucleus of the cell. RNA to protein via translation in the ribosomes . tRNA brings amino acids to the ribosmes in the correct sequence Mutagens - Answer-pollutants in the environment that enter the body and directly change your DNA sequence Gene-gene interactions - Answer-Pollutants that affect the functioning of one gene that directly affect the functioning of another gene Polymorphisms - Answer-variation in dna sequence between individuals. changes the function of a protien. can be silent, good or bad Point mutations - Answer-chemical changes in just one base pair of a gene. will be passed down. can be lethal chromosomal aberrations - Answer-changes to the overall organization of the genes on a chromosome (downs-trisomy 21) Epigenetics - Answer-the study of environmental influences on gene expression that occur without a DNA change missense mutation - Answer-A base-pair substitution that results in a codon that codes for a different amino acid. nonsense mutation - Answer-A mutation that changes an amino acid codon to one of the three stop codons, resulting in a shorter and usually nonfunctional protein. insertion mutation - Answer-a mutation in which one or more nucleotides are added to a gene deletion mutation - Answer-a mutation in which one or more pairs of nucleotides are removed from a gene duplication mutation - Answer-a mutation that involves duplication of a region of DNA on the same strand