Microbiology- Exam Study Guide Questions with Correct Answers

Microbiology- Exam Study Guide Questions with Correct Answers Give examples of ancient microbiology. - Answer-• Yogurt (~8,000 BC) • Early EgypJans made beer, wine, and bread • Mosaic Law: eschewing pork and seafood • Varro 120 BC: "small tiny animals, which cannot be seen with the naked eye, grow in moist places, these are carried with the air through the nose and mouth into the body and bring severe illness" • Black Death (1348 onwards) killed 30-60% of Europe Cells, organelles, like mitochondria and chloroplasts, and all major metabolic pathways evolved from early... - Answer-prokaryotic cells. Discuss important findings of 17th and 18th century Microbiology. - Answer-*Robert Hooke (1665): first discovered the microscope and first to postulate Cell Theory (all organisms are made up of cells) *Anton van Leeuwenhoek: first to observe microbes through magnifying lens (called them "animalcules") *Edward Jenner: vaccinations. Inoculated pts with cowpox virus who later developed immunity. Explain the importance of observations made by Hooke and van Leeuwenhoek. - Answer-*Hooke: first marker for cell theory *van Leeuwenhoek: first for microbe observation** Compare spontaneous generation and biogenesis using experimental evidence from Redi, Needham, Spallanzani, and Pasteur. - Answer-*Spontaneous generation: a vital force could create life from nonliving matter. *Biogenesis: living cells arise only from pre-existing cells. -Redi: mesh/covered/uncovered jars; BIOGENESIS (flies could only grow from previous flies) -Needham: jars uncovered for awhile then capped or left open; SPONTANEOUS GENERATION -Spallanzani: jars immediately sealed or remain open; BIOGENESIS (no source for contamination)