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Chemistry 104 Ch 19: Lipids 100% VERIFIED SOLUTIONS

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Chemistry 104 Ch 19: Lipids 100% VERIFIED SOLUTIONS What are lipids? - ANSWER biomolecules that are soluble in organic solvents and insoluble in water How are lipids defined? - ANSWER by a physical property, not by the presence of a particular functional group Are lipids water soluble or insoluble? - ANSWER insoluble Why are lipids water insoluble? - ANSWER they contain many non-polar C-C and C-H bonds and few polar bonds What are the two categories of lipids? - ANSWER hydrolyzable and nonhydrolyzable What are the three types of hydrolyzable lipids? - ANSWER waxes, triacylglycerols and phospholipids What are the three types of nonhydrolyzable lipids? - ANSWER steroids, fat-soluble vitamins and eicosanoids What are hydrolyzable lipids derived from? - ANSWER fatty acids What are fatty acids? - ANSWER carboxylic acids with long carbon chains of 12-20 C atoms What are saturated fatty acids? - ANSWER have no double bonds in their long hydrocarbon chains What are unsaturated fatty acids? - ANSWER have 1 or more double bonds in their long hydrocarbon chains Why type of double bond will an unsaturated fatty acid have if it is naturally occurring? - ANSWER cis What happens to the melting point as the number of double bonds in a fatty acid increase? - ANSWER melting point decreases What type of fatty acid is stearic acid? - ANSWER saturated What type of fatty acid is oleic acid? - ANSWER unsaturated What is another name for linoleic acid? - ANSWER omega-6 acid Why is linoleic acid also called omega-6 acid? - ANSWER because of the position of the first C=C in the nonpolar chain What is another name for linolenic acid? - ANSWER omega-3 acid What are waxes? - ANSWER esters formed from a fatty acid and a high molecular weight alcohol What is spermaceti wax? - ANSWER isolate from the heads of sperm whales What are waxes because of their long nonpolar C chains? - ANSWER hydrophobic What do waxes do for birds? - ANSWER form protective coatings on bird's feathers and sheep's wool and make up beeswax How are waxes hydrolyzed? - ANSWER with water in the presence of acid or base What do waxes re-form when they are hydrolyzed? - ANSWER carboxylic acid and alcohol from which they are prepared What are triacylgly

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