PCT Fresenius Exam | 100% Correct Answers | Verified | Latest 2024 Version

What are the functions of a healthy kidney? - REGULATE, SYNTHESIS, ENDOCRINE: Regulate fluid balance, blood volume, electrolytes, acid-base balance, synthesize calcitrol (active vitamin D), secrete erythropoietin and release renin what is the glomerular filtration rate in the five stages of kidney disease? - flow rate of filtered fluid through the kidney stage 1: 90+ stage 2:60-89 stage 3: 30-59 stage 4: 15-29 stage 5: 15 what are the types and stages of kidney failure? - acute renal failure: sudden onset, severe, usually reversible. can be caused by drug toxicity, dehydration, or motor vehicle accident Chronic renal failure: slow onset, progressive, permanent. can be caused by diabetes, hypertension, or genetic disease such as glomerulonephritis or nephrosclerosis what are the signs and symptoms of renal failure or uremia? - elevated serum levels of BUN/Creatinine, phosphorus, potassium. anemia, nerve damage, yellow-gray appearance of skin, fluid overload, dyspnea, edema, hypertension, proteinuria, uremia, lethargy, weakness, headache, itching, fatigue, nausea restlessness, mental change, loss of appetite. what is anemia and how is it treated? - lack of RBC (decreased or lack of erythropoietin production). iron binds with hemoglobin in RBC and transports oxygen. it is treated using erythropoieting stimulating agents and usually administered IV