NYSTCE ESOL CST (116) QUSTIONS AND ANSWERS GRADED A+

NYSTCE ESOL CST (116) QUSTIONS AND ANSWERS GRADED A+ Intonation - -the way the voice rises and falls in speech morpheme - -the smallest unit of meaning in a language Abraham Maslow - -developed hierarchy of needs, which theorized to be the unconscious desires that motivate people subordinating conjunction - -joins a dependent clause to an independent clause to which it is related voiceless sounds - -sounds made without vibrating the vocal cords Howard Gardner - -created the theory of multiple intelligences; proposed that using a person's area of giftedness to demonstrate intellect will help learners achieve their potential independent (or main) clause - -a clause that can stand alone as it's own sequence one-word stage - -stage of language acquisition; characterized by a child's use of a single word to convey a full meaning humor stage - -stage of acculturation; when students start to come to terms with their circumstances and move toward acceptance of their new culture SIFE - -Students with Interrupted Formal Education labial consonant sound - -sound produced by the top and bottom lips coming together (m) gerund phrase - -phrase that begins with a gerund (verbs that end in -ing and act as nouns) connotation - -the emotional association of a word helping verb - -verb that indicates tense (when the action occurred) Woodcock-Muñoz Language Survey - -an individually administered assessment that measures cognitive aspects of language proficiency in the form of vocabulary usage, verbal analogies, and letter-word identification Audio-Lingual Method (ALM) - -an oral-based approach to language instruction developed by linguists