Vet Prep NAVLE Questions and Answers 100% Verified

Vet Prep NAVLE Questions and Answers 100% Verified You perform an abdominal ultrasound to evaluate a Yorkshire Terrier with a suspected liver shunt. After finding the shunt vessel, you complete the ultrasound and find several calculi in the bladder. What is the most likely type of stone? Cysteine Struvite Urate Xanthine - answerThe correct answer is urate. Animals with portosystemic shunts are very predisposed to developing urate uroliths due to their inability to metabolize purines appropriately. A 2-year old male castrated Border Collie presents for a 1-week history of small bowel diarrhea. A fecal flotation shows numerous Giardia cysts. What is the treatment of choice for this dog? Ipronidazole Metronidazole Decoquinate Albendazole - answerMetronidazole Black walnut toxicity causes what condition in horses? Laminitis Hypersalivation Renal failure Pulmonary edema - answerThe correct answer is laminitis. Although the specific toxic principle in black walnuts responsible for causing laminitis or acute lameness in horses is unknown, evidence suggests juglone (a napthaquinone) plays a role. Do not use black walnuts for horse bedding. Which of these would be appropriate for a horse with hyperkalemic periodic paralysis (HYPP)? Brome hay Timothy hay Alfalfa hay Beet molasses - answerThe correct answer is timothy hay. Of these choices, the only feed with low potassium is timothy hay. A low potassium diet is the most important nutritional modification in the treatment of HYPP. Regular exercise and feeding smaller, frequent meals can also reduce clinical signs. This disease is inherited in an autosomal dominant fashion, and owners should be discouraged from breeding affected animals. A 16-year old budgerigar presents with progressive unilateral paresis of the right leg (see image). There is normal flexion and extension of the hip joint with decreased flexion, extension, and sensation below the knee. The remainder of your skeletal and neurologic examination is unremarkable. Which of the following is most likely in this bird? Intervertebral disc disease Botulism Marek's disease Renal neoplasia Lead toxicosis - answerThe signalment and progressive unilateral paresis are most suspicious for renal neoplasia of budgerigars. Affected birds develop paresis due to pressure exerted on the sciatic nerve by a renal tumor. There is typically normal flexion and extension of the hip joint with decreased flexion, extension, and sensation below the knee as described here. Disc disease is uncommon in birds. Lead toxicity can lead to peripheral neuropathy and paresis but typically there are more multifocal or other accompanying signs such as polyuria/polydipsia, gastrointestinal signs, wing droop, head tilt, or convulsions. Marek's disease typically affects younger animals. Botulism typically presents with flaccid paralysis of the legs, wings, and neck. Severe combined immunodeficiency is a lethal autosomal recessive trait in Arabian foals. Heterozygotes are clinically normal. If the heterozygote carrier rate for the genetic mutation is 8%, what is the expected frequency of Arabian foals that are homozygous for the mutated allele? 0.064% 0.16% 2% 0.64% 25% 4% - answerYou do not need to know anything about the disease in this question in order to get the correct answer. You are told that the disease is recessive and has a carrier rate of 8%Because the trait is recessive, homozygotes will be the only individuals affected. In order for a foal to be born homozygous for the trait, BOTH parents MUST be carriers. The chances of both parents being carriers is 8% x 8% (or 0.08 x 0.08) = 0.0064 or 0.64%. If both parents are carriers, the offspring has a 1 in 4 chance of inheriting two mutant alleles (50% chance for each allele from each parent).Since the chances of both parents being carriers is 0.64% and the chance of having a homozygous offspring in that case is 1 in 4, the overall expected frequency of diseased foals is 0.0064 x 0.25= 0.0016 or 0.16%. Which of these drugs should not be used in Greyhounds? Propofol Ivermectin Morphine Thiopental - answerThe correct answer is thiopental. Thiopental is an ultra-short acting barbiturate. Recovery depends on redistribution to tissues, including fat. Because sighthounds have very little fat, they have prolonged recoveries and greater complications with these drugs. A chicken operation has recently been ravaged by a respiratory disease affecting almost all of the chickens in the flock. The chickens are coughing and sneezing and many have facial swelling. You necropsied many of the chickens and found mucoid exudate in the bronchi, thickened air sacs, and in a few of the chickens, interstitial nephritis was present. Which of these diseases is likely? Infectious Bursal Disease Aspergillus Fowl Cholera Infectious Bronchitis - answerThe correct answer is infectious bronchitis. This is caused by a coronavirus. It is spread by aerosol and ingestion and usually affects all exposed birds. The clinical signs and necropsy findings are as described in the question. The disease can be clinically indistinguishable from mild forms of Newcastle disease, laryngotracheitis, and infectious coryza. Virus isolation is needed to obtain a definitive diagnosis. A 4-year old male castrated Basenji presents for polyuria, polydipsia, and weight loss. Blood work shows P=2.5 (2.9-5.3 mg/dl), K= 3.1 (3.9-5.1 mEq/L), total CO2= 12 (17-25 mmol/L). The remainder of the blood work is within normal limits. Urinalysis shows 3+ glucose. Which of the following is your most likely differential diagnosis? Pyometra Fanconi syndrome Pyelonephritis Diabetes mellitus - answerThe correct answer is Fanconi syndrome. Fanconi syndrome is an inherited disease in Basenjis. The disease involves renal tubular defects causing an abnormal loss of electrolytes and solutes leading to hypophosphatemia, hypokalemia, and metabolic acidosis. DM is less likely because serum glucose is normal. The lab abnormalities present in this dog are not consistent with pyelonephritis. Pyometra is not a viable choice as the signalment describes a male. The image shows an infarct in the liver discovered on post mortem exam of a mature beef cow which died one hour before in a western mountain pasture, after being observed to appear normal one day earlier. There is also dark red urine in the bladder. The pasture contains native plants, some pine trees, and a marshy area with water plants. The cows are unvaccinated and were never wormed. Given this history and the lesion found, the most likely cause of death is Blue-green algae toxicity Death camas toxicity Bacillary hemoglobinuria Viral hepatitis Pine needle poisoning - answerAlso known as redwater, bacillary hemoglobinuria is caused by germination of Clostridium Novyi type D spores in the liver after anaerobic damage by migrating liver fluke larvae. Cl. Novyi was formerly called Cl. hemolyticum. Vaccination can prevent this disease. What is the most common cause of maxillary sinusitis in a horse, as seen in the necropsy image below? Foreign body Tooth root abscess Brachygnathia Dentigerous cyst Guttural pouch mycosis - answerThe correct answer is tooth root abscess. Commonly the first molar teeth are involved. Clinical signs include weight loss, quidding (dropping half chewed feed), halitosis, swelling, and unilateral purulent nasal discharge. A 5-month old kitten presents to you with a rectal prolapse, as shown in the photo. What is the most common cause of rectal prolapse in a kitten? Gastrointestinal parasites Panleukopenia Dysautonomia Trauma - answerThe correct answer is gastrointestinal parasites. You should perform a fecal float and smear. This cat probably has severe diarrhea and has been straining. Dysautonomia is possible but very rare. Panleukopenia does not usually result in a rectal prolapse, but is a cause of diarrhea. A 7-year-old ewe presents with abscessation of the supramammary lymph nodes. What is the most likely diagnosis? Caprine arthritis and encephalitis virus Trueperella pyogenes E. coli Mycoplasma mycoides Corynebacterium pseudotuberculosis - answerThe correct answer is Corynebacterium pseudotuberculosis. This is a description of caseous lymphadenitis. This disease of sheep and goats is of economic importance because it causes weight loss and ill thrift, can become a herd problem, and could be a public health concern. A farmer comes to you with a new test for detection of mastitis in his heifers. He claims that both the sensitivity and specificity of his test is 90%. Mastitis has a prevalence of 5% in his herd. The negative predictive value (NPV) is approximately _________. 99% 3% 72% 35% - answerThe correct answer is approximately 99%. The negative predictive value is the proportion of test-negative animals that are truly disease negative (unaffected) in this population. In the 2X2 table, where a= Disease +, Test +; b= Disease -, Test +; c= Disease +, Test -; d= Disease -, Test -. The NPV is d/(c+d),