Exam Revision - HUBS 1406 Questions and Answers | 100% Verified & Updated 2024

Exam Revision - HUBS 1406 Questions and Answers | 100% Verified & Updated 2024 Kidney failure often leads to: A) Dehydration. B) Decreased parathyroid hormone secretion. C) Acidosis. D) Increased red blood cell production. -Answer-C) Acidosis. Substances larger than ________ are normally not allowed to pass through the filtration membrane. A) Urea. B) Sodium ions. C) Glucose. D) Amino acids. E) Albumin. -Answer-E) Albumin. Hypoventilation leads to: A) Low plasma CO2 levels and high pH. B) Low plasma CO2 levels and low pH. C) High plasma CO2 levels and high pH. D) High plasma CO2 levels and low pH. -Answer-D) High plasma CO2 levels and low pH. A person as lost a lot of blood after a large cut. Which of the following would be likely to occur as a result of the blood loss? A) Increased renin secretion. B) Increased parathyroid hormone secretion. C) Decreased aldosterone secretion. D) Decreased erythropoietin secretion. -Answer-A) Increased renin secretion. A person with chronic renal failure is likely to suffer from: A) Anaemia. B) Increased appetite. C) Quicker blood clotting. D) Alkalosis. -Answer-A) Anaemia. A person with chronic renal failure may have weak bones because: A) The effects of acidosis and parathyroid hormone would combine to decrease the minerals in bone. B) The effects of excess vitamin D would result in high plasma levels of calcium, leading to deposits in the bones. C) The nitrogenous wastes would build up in the bone. D) The effects of erythropoietin on the red bone marrow would weaken the bones. - Answer-A) The effects of acidosis and parathyroid hormone would combine to decrease the minerals in bone. A person with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease is unable to ventilate their lungs properly. Their kidneys are likely to respond to this by: A) Increasing excretion of bicarbonate ions. B) Increasing excretion of hydrogen ions. C) More retention of bicarbonate ions. D) B and C. -Answer-D) B and C. Quentin Van Hoogle was diagnosed as a child with a severe enterokinase deficiency. Based on what you know about this enzyme, which of the following effects would be the final result of this deficiency? A) Increased muscle growth and repair due to excess amino acid availability. B) Diarrhoea and abnormally high levels of nitrogenous wastes in urine. C) Constipation and development of obesity due to low leptin levels. D) Diarrhoea and oedema due to poor protein absorption. -Answer-D) Diarrhoea and oedema due to poor protein absorption. Linda the supermodel is permanently on a diet. She loves to eat her favourite diet mints, though, and gets through several packets a day. The sweetener in the mints is a sugar which is not absorbed. She finds that when she eats lots of mints she always gets diarrhoea. What is the most likely reason for this? A) The diarrhoea is most likely to be due to the fact that she has a poor diet and is malnourished. B) The sugar, since it is not absorbed, stays in the gut and ends up in the large intestine, where it increases the peristalsis in the colon and causes diarrhoea. C) The sugar, since it is not absorbed, will not be able to be used to make ATP, which will result in a general reduction in gut function, causing diarrhoea. D) The sugar, since it is not absorbed, stays in the gut and ends up in the large intestine, where the osmotic pressure reduces water absorption and makes her stools runny. -Answer-D) The sugar, since it is not absorbed, stays in the gut and ends up in the large intestine, where the osmotic pressure reduces water absorption and makes her stools runny. Glenda is always trying out new diets in order to lose weight. This time, she tells you that she has decided to starve herself by cutting her intake of calories dramatically, and, to make sure she doesn't faint, to reduce her level of activity at the same time. She tells you that she thinks this will give her rapid weight loss. What is the most likely result of Glenda's proposed regime? A) The reduction in food intake will increase her metabolic rate and the reduction in activity will reduce her metabolic rate, thus making no difference. B) The reduction in food intake will cause her to start metabolising proteins instead of fat, and she will lose muscle but keep her fat. C) The reduction in food intake and the reduction in activity will both reduce her metabolic rate, making it harder for her to lose weight. D) The reduction in food intake and the reduction in activity will increase the release of thyroid hormone, -Answer-C) The reduction in food intake and the reduction in activity will both reduce her metabolic rate, making it harder for her to lose weight. Gladys just had her gall bladder removed. This will mean her system will now be less able to: A) Emulsify lipids. B) Absorb vitamin B12. C) Digest proteins. D) Digest carbohydrates. -Answer-A) Emulsify lipids. Ellen has advanced liver disease. Her liver function is almost zero. Which of the following functions would be affected? A) Her ability to synthesise and store glycogen. B) Her ability to absorb vitamin B12. C) Her ability to digest proteins. D) Her ability to digest carbohydrates. -Answer-A) Her ability to synthesise and store glycogen. Brian the body builder is on a high-protein diet to help him build muscle. He takes more than the recommended amount of protein each day, to increase his protein stores. What will happen to this protein? A) It will be digested into amino acids, absorbed and then used for protein synthesis. Excess will be converted into glucose or fat and the nitrogenous component excreted in the urine. B) It will be digested into amino acids, absorbed and then, if not required for protein synthesis, excreted in the faeces. C) It will be digested into amino acids, absorbed and then used to make ATP for muscle contraction. D) It will be digested into amino acids, absorbed and then converted to glucose for ATP production. Any excess amino acids will be used for protein synthesis. -Answer-A) It will be digested into amino acids, absorbed and then used for protein synthesis. Excess will be converted into glucose or fat and the nitrogenous component excreted in the urine. Blockage of the pancreatic duct can sometimes lead to activation of trypsinogen and chymotrypsinogen in the pancreas. What would the result of this activation be? A) Trypsin and chymotrypsin, which are amylases, would break down the glycogen stores in the pancreas. B) Trypsin and chymotrypsin, which are proteases, would start to digest the pancreas itself, causing pancreatitis. C) Trypsin and chymotrypsin, which are proteases, would start digesting protein when they finally arrived in the duodenum, thus delaying the digestive process.