DaVita PCT Study Guide with Complete Questions & Answers 100% Accurate!

Ultrafiltration - ANSWER-Fluid pushed through the semipermeable membrane Convection - ANSWER-Solutes dragged across semipermeable membrane along with fluid Diffusion - ANSWER-Particles move from area of high concentration to low Osmosis - ANSWER-Fluid moves from area of low to high concentration What are the kidneys' excretory functions? - ANSWER-To normalize electrolytes, remove wastes, provide fluid and nutrient balance What are the kidneys' endocrine functions? - ANSWER-Renin secretion, erythropoietin secretion, vitamin D activation What is the function of the acid concentrate? - ANSWER-Provides the concentration gradient for diffusion What is the function of bicarbonate the dialysate solution? - ANSWER-Buffer the acid concentrate What is the function of bicarbonate when it diffuses into the patient's blood? - ANSWER-Normalizes body pH How do we replace normal excretory kidney functions? - ANSWER-Normalizes electrolytes, provide fluid balance through ultrafiltration How do we replace normal endocrine kidney functions? - ANSWER-Provide medications Outline the treatment goals for a patient with chronic kidney disease (CKD) - ANSWER--slowing the progression of ckd -managing comorbidities and complications -controlling symptoms -minimizing the effects of ckd on patients' lifestyles -kidney replacement therapy modality education -encouraging patients to actively participate in their healthcare What are the most common causes for CKD in the USA? - ANSWER-Diabetes Hypotension Polycystic Kidney Disease Why is it important to know what caused your patient's CKD? - ANSWER-So the nurse and PCT can inquire about possible problems during data collection and assessment Signs and Symptoms of fluid imbalance - ANSWER-Hypertension Edema Shortness of breath What does hypertension lead to? - ANSWER-Left Ventricular Hypertrophy Why is sodium balance important? - ANSWER-Leads to volume expansion- increased CO- increased peripheral vascular resistance- increased BP Signs and symptoms of Hyperkalemia - ANSWER-6.5 mEq symptoms: extreme muscle weakness, abnormal heart rhythm, and possible cardiac arrest