American Democracy Now - Chapter 5 advanced test

American Democracy Now - Chapter 5 advanced test affirmative action - answer In the employment arena, intentional efforts to recruit, hire, train, and promote underutilized categories of workers (women and minority men); in higher education, intentional efforts to diversify the student body. Black Codes - answer Laws passed immediately after the Civil War by the confederate states that limited the rights of "freemen" (former slaves). Brown v. Board of Education of Topeka - answer This 1954 Supreme Court decision ruled that segregated schools violated the equal protection clause of the Fourteenth Amendment. civil disobedience - answer Active, but nonviolent, refusal to comply with laws or governmental policies that are morally objectionable. civil rights - answer The rights and privileges guaranteed to all citizens under the equal protection and due process clauses of the Fifth and Fourteenth amendments; the idea that individuals are protected from discrimination based on characteristics such as race, national origin, religion, and sex. de facto segregation - answer Segregation caused by the fact that people tend to live in neighborhoods with others of their own race, religion, or ethnic group. de jure segregation - answer Segregation mandated by law. equal protection clause - answer The Fourteenth Amendment clause stating that no state shall "deny to any person within its jurisdiction the equal protection of the laws."