PNB 2XC3 Latest Questions and Correct Answers 2024

Animals (Kingdom Animalia) - organism that feeds on organic matter, typically having specialized sense organs and nervous system, and able to respond rapidly to stimuli - this is very hard to define as there is many exceptions kingdoms of multicellular organisms - animalia, plants, fungi why do we study animal behaviour? - we are animals, research for animal behaviour is relevant for understanding humans, we are surrounded by animals, we depend on animals, we love some animals, and we wish to avoid others why do we enjoy having other species around - there is a strong innate satisfaction from "friendly" species and we socialize with them whooping cranes species - was at the verge of extinction (n=15 in 1945), and because of conservation efforts it's up to n=600 now because of captive breeding and chick rearing by hand Human rearing of whooping cranes - used a hand puppet to feed the chicks so they don't become humanized and imprint on humans instead of other cranes. This would cause them to be unable to mate with their own kind so it is to be avoided. Humans will also dress up and show the cranes how to flap their "wings" so they will learn how to fly. Humans also built birdlike planes to lead the birds along their migratory path so they can learn where they should go as they would from adult bird learning for chicks - imprinting on caregivers and learning the migration route from adults how animals affect fruit - pollination, seed dispersal, pests, hunters of pests as alternative pesticides fruit flies and learning - flies put in a chamber lined with electrical coil and supplemented with a novel smell, when reintroduced to the odour and a new one they avoid the shocking smell in the short term - can work long term as well, but they need to "practice" with rest intervals (15min). They injected the extra krebb gene and a gene for red eyes injected, with krebb genes functioning to form long term memory, having the functional equivalent of photographic memory Geese and plane crash identification - compared the remains to biological signatures of different geese (birds from different localities that feed on different food have different biological signatures) finding that the remains were most similar to those from labrador - not identical thought predicting migration patterns - take temp/weather patterns, remove precipitation critical thinking - exercising thorough judgement or observation and analyzing (breaking a whole into parts and examining in details) elements of analytic thinking - what's the purpose/question/problem, assumptions, data/facts/experiences, concepts, theories, conclusions, implications and consequences Intellectual standards - clarity (can i understand it), accuracy (is it right or wrong), precision (can it be more specific/detailed/exact), relevance (is it sufficiently related to the issue), depth (complexities and interrelationships), breadth (multiple points of view), logic (does it follow the evidence/make sense), significance (is it important), fairness (conflict of interest or biases)