PATHO HESI EXIT FINAL EXAMS

PATHO HESI EXIT FINAL EXAMS which hormone will be found if someone is pregnant? - CORRECT ANSWER-chorionic gonadotropin If a person vomits alot, what acid imbalance will happen? - CORRECT ANSWERmetabollic alkalosis what is the body's initial response to a severe burn? - CORRECT ANSWERimmunologic/inflammatory response is immediate, prolonged, and severe. result from surviving burn shock is immunosuppression with increases susceptibility to potentially fatal burn sepsis. What type of hearing loss is associated with ototoxic (drug) effects? - CORRECT ANSWER-sensorineural hearing loss parkinson's causes a decrease in what hormone? - CORRECT ANSWER-dopamine what is the function of cholecystokinin? - CORRECT ANSWER-stimulates the release of bile into the intestine and the secretion of enzymes by the pancreas what section of the ECG shows that there is ventricular electric action? - CORRECT ANSWER-QRS complex what part of the kidney increases urine concentration? - CORRECT ANSWER-loop of henle what does hemorrhaging do to preload? - CORRECT ANSWERhow does hyperglycemia cause lower leg pain? - CORRECT ANSWER-it is caused by diabetic neuropathy a person with a history of left heart failure wakes up in the middle of the night, what is happening? - CORRECT ANSWER-orthopnea what immune cells are most affected by AIDS? - CORRECT ANSWER-T cells what hormones cause dark urine and increased heart rate? - CORRECT ANSWER- a patient with breast cancer is being screened for BRCA1 and BRCA2, what information should be known about this? - CORRECT ANSWER-testing is done for both genes because they need to determine if the variants were inherited. it's important for the patient to understand if there are risks to potentially developing other cancers in the future. also determine if other family members are at risk for being affected. what is gout? - CORRECT ANSWER-uric acid crystals in joints; toes mostly, big toe*** how is bone marrow affected in leukemia? - CORRECT ANSWER-anemia; thrombocytopenia what is osteoarthritis? - CORRECT ANSWER-random joint pain and stiffness throughout the body a person who got a TB test - CORRECT ANSWERwhat hormone is overproduced in cushing's disease? - CORRECT ANSWER-TSH a patient comes in with leg pain because of hypercalcemia? - CORRECT ANSWERHypercalcemia can cause the bones to release too much calcium, leaving them deficient. This abnormal bone activity can lead to pain and muscle weakness The nurse is caring for a client who is admitted to the critical care unit with acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) and requires endotracheal intubation. Which chest radiograph findings indicate the pathophysiological process of ARDS? - CORRECT ANSWER-consolidation and whiteout of the lung fields Which finding indicates to the nurse that a client is experiencing acute kidney injury (AKI) related to a prerenal cause? - CORRECT ANSWER-urinalysis shows abundant cells, casts, proteins An elderly client diagnosed with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) four years ago presents in the emergency center with shortness of breath, cyanosis, and greenish-colored sputum. His initial blood gases on room air are: pH 7.39, PaO2 46, PaCO2 53, and HCO3 32. Which description best characterizes this client's presenting problem? - CORRECT ANSWER-chronic respitory acidosis The development of atherosclerosis is a process of sequential events. Arrange the pathophysiological events in order of occurrence. - CORRECT ANSWER-Arterial endothelial injury causes inflammation. Macrophages consume low-density lipoprotein (LDL), creating foam cells. Foam cells release growth factors for smooth muscle cells. Smooth muscle grows over fatty streaks creating fibrous plaques. Vessel narrowing results in ischemia. A client's tumor measures 2 cm before and after receiving a course of radiotherapy. What physiological mechanism renders this response to radiation therapy for cancers? - CORRECT ANSWER-production of ionizing energy damages DNA, hence stops replication A client's heart rate increases to 147 beats per minute. The urine output drops from 43 mL to 28 mL in one hour and is dark amber in color. The brown-tinged fluid in the nasogastric tube tests hemoccult positive. Which neurohormones are responsible for these symptoms that were created in response to stress? - CORRECT ANSWERglucocorticoids and norepinephrine A female client's morning laboratory test results include hemoglobin 11.0 grams/dL (110 g/L) and hematocrit 34% (0.34). Based on these findings, this client is at risk for which pathophysiological finding? - CORRECT ANSWER-fatigue and weakness The nurse is reviewing the laboratory findings of a client who was admitted yesterday with cellulitis of the lower leg as the result of peripheral vascular disease (PVD). Which finding is consistent with the client's diagnosis? - CORRECT ANSWER-wbc count: 19,000/mm^3 (19 x 10^9/L) a person who had ___ had a stone removed, when testing is done what is the most important thing to look for? - CORRECT ANSWER-need to know what the stone was made of to determine the best therapy. A male client with a massive pulmonary embolus is tachycardic, hypotensive, and has audible bilateral pulmonary crackles. His arterial blood gases (ABGs) results are: pH 7.0; PaCO2 66 mmHg; HCO3 24 mEq/L (24 mmol/L); PaO2 mmHg. Based on these findings, this client is at greatest risk for which pathophysiological condition? - CORRECT ANSWER-respiratory failure which of the following is a result of addison's disease? - CORRECT ANSWER-bronze skin what causes high PaO2 and PaCO2? - CORRECT ANSWERwhat is a pressure ulcer? - CORRECT ANSWER-Localized injury to the skin and/or underlying tissue usually over a bony prominence, as a result of pressure, or pressure in combination with shear and or friction - most common site is the sacrum then the heels - factors include amount of pressure and length of time the pressure is exerted on the skin and ability of patients tissue to tolerate the external pressure - other factors: SHEARING FORCE (pressure from lying on a bed), friction, and excessive moisture. what are the BPMs for both nodes? - CORRECT ANSWER-SA: 60-100 AV: 40-60