Fall 2022 Patho Midterm

Fall 2022 Patho Midterm Pierre Robin Sequence -Constraint of mandibular growth Mandibular micrognathia -Failure of the tongue to descend Glossoptosis and airway obstruction -Preventing fusion of the palatal shelves Palatal cleft Leukoedema Normal variation of mucosa Not premalignant More intense in dark skinned races More intense in smokers Bilateral, opalescent film Reduces when mucosa is stretched Fordyce Granules Buccal mucosa: The most common location Upper lip: The second most common location Macroglossia Congenital such as Dawn syndrome Neoplasia such as lymphangioma, neurofibromatosis Amyloidosis, myxedema Ankyloglossia "Tongue-tied" Occurrence of gingival recession Frenectomy, as usual treatment Lingual Thyroid (Ectopic Thyroid) Results from the failure of migration of the primitive thyroid tissue from its developmental (base of the tongue) location to its normal position in the neck. As a nodule at the base of the tongue, in the midline Maybe the patient's only functional thyroid tissue. Fissured Tongue Association with geographic tongue. A component of MelkerssonRosenthal syndrome (fissured tongue, facial paralysis, and cheilitis granulomatosis). Oral Hairy Leukoplakia EBV-associated condition Not developmental, not premalignant Mostly in HIV + patients Eagle Syndrome Elongated and/or calcification of the styloid ligament Head and neck pain is elicited by chewing, yawning, opening mouth Stafne Defect -Latent bone cyst, static bone cyst, lingual mandibular salivary gland depression, as the synonymous  Below inferior dental canal  Pseudo cyst (no epithelial lining)  Depression in lingual wall of mandible, mostly in the posterior region.  Accommodates salivary gland tissue Non-Odontogenic Developmental Cysts Palatal cysts of newborn (Epstein's pearls, Bohn's nodules) Nasolabial cyst Nasopalatine duct cyst (cyst of incisive canal) Median palatal cyst Dermoid cyst Thyroglossal tract cyst Branchial cleft cyst Oral lymphoepithelial cyst Palatal Cysts of Newborn Epstein's pearls, Bohn's nodules Epstein's pearls, in the midline arise from epithelium entrapped along the line of fusion. Bohn's nodules, hard palate/soft palate junction, derived from the minor salivary glands. Nasolabial Cyst - Within the soft tissue of the lip and below the ala of the nose - Soft tissue cyst not intrabony Nasopalatine Duct Cyst (Incisive Canal Cyst) Well defined oval or heart-shaped radiolucency between apices of roots of vital maxillary central incisors Dermoid cyst Arising from entrapped surface epithelial tissue remnants. Floor of the mouth as the common location above the myelohyoid muscle. Cervical Lymphoepithelial Cyst (Branchial Cleft Cyst) In lateral aspect of the neck, anterior to the sternocleidomastoid muscle. Mostly late in childhood Two theories for origin: 1. Remnant of the second branchial cleft 2. Entrapped salivary duct epithelium in the lymph nodes of the lateral neck Oral Lymphoepithelial Cyst Developing within benign lymphoid aggregates Floor of the mouth, lateral and ventral tongue, and soft palate, as most common sites As a submucosal yellow-white nodule, often 5 mm Regional Odontodysplasia Localized, nonhereditary developmental abnormality Affects enamel, dentin and pulp. "Ghost teeth"-enlarged pulp chambers, thin enamel and dentin. Treatment: Generally extraction Caraniosynostosis Syndromes A group of syndromes, characterized by premature closure of cranial (cranio-) sutures (-synostosis) Two examples: Crouzon syndrome and Apert syndrome Mutation in "fibroblast growth factor receptor 2" gene (FGFR2) Abnormal head shapes Beaten metal appearance of inner table of the skull Apert Syndrome Another name: acrocephalosyndactyly More severe head deformity compared to Crouzon syndrome