CIPT Exam 2024 Questions and answers 100% CORRECT

Bastion Server - ANSWERA server that has 1 purpose and only contains software to support that purpose. E.g. Printer, email, and database servers are bastion servers. Using bastion servers reduces the number of applications on a server, which minimizes vulnerability. Privacy Impact Assessment (PIA) - ANSWERChecklists or tools to ensure that a personal information system is evaluated for privacy risks and designed with life cycle principles in mind. An effective PIA evaluates the sufficiency of privacy practices and policies with respect to legal, regulatory and industry standards, and maintains consistency between policy and practice. Should be conducted annually, or additionally upon occurrence of any of the following events: -Creation of new product/service -New/updated program for processing data -Merger/acquisition -Creation of new data center -Onboarding of new data -Movement of data to different country -Changes in regulations governing data use Security Policy Principles - ANSWERAll security policies should include these EXTERNAL requirements: (1) Corporate - data stored from consumers, partners, vendors, and employees needs to be protected in accordance with contracts or privacy policies; also, need to keep data secure to protect interests. (2) Regulatory - privacy requirements placed on organizations by government entities (e.g. FTC, Office of the Information and Privacy Commissioner of Ontario, and the UK Information Commissioner's Office). (3) Industry - compliance with different industry groups shows commitment to privacy principles of that industry, which can avoid creation of new legislation / regulatory scrutiny. Industry Groups - ANSWERIndustry group examples = Better Business Bureau, Interactive Advertising Bureau, TRUSTe, and the Entertainment Software Rating Board. Key Security Measures - ANSWER(1) Encryption - BEST means of protecting data during transmission and storage; type of encryption should be based on how the encryption's performance and complexity may impact company system. (2) Software protection - antivirus software can detect malicious software; packet filtering can help ensure inappropriate communications packets do not make it onto company's network. (3) Access controls - programmatic means for preventing unwanted access to data hosted; should be continually certified to ensure only appropriate people have access. (4) Physical protection - all computers should have minimum level of physical security to prevent outside access (e.g. cameras, guards). (5) Social engineering prevention - employees should. be trained to detect exploits where individuals pretend to represent company/person in order to gain access to data. (ChoicePoint data breach) (6) Auditing - auditing system should be configured so logs are sent to remote auditing machine outside the control of the system and application administrators. Steps for avoiding privacy-invasive applications - ANSWER(1) Privileged access - restrictions can be placed on who installs/configures applications; (2) Software policy - policy that describes requirements/guidelines for applications used on company computers. (3) Policy links - for each application that explains privacy obligation and is accessible via application. (4) Application research - companies should perform research to determine which applications are most appropriate for their employees, computers, and networks. (5) Employee training - employees should be periodically trained on company's software policy, as well as on threats to privacy from installation of malicious applications/improper configuration of legitimate apps; yearly privacy training is best practice. (5) IT involvement - can have one of two ways: (i) IT controlled - IT dept sets up each computer, ensuring only specific apps are installed and ensuring apps are periodically updated as needed or (ii) IT monitored - company computers can be periodically scanned to validate each installed application is on approved list of apps and has right version/proper configuration set. (6) Employee Controlled - companies can let employees manage own computer system based on corporate policy, as opposed to IT dept governance. Ways to mitigate network risks - ANSWER(1) Keep computers clear of malware - run latest anti-malware software; (2) Apply smartphone policies - phone passwords, auto-device lock/remote wiping mechanism enforced for smartphones connecting to network resources; (3) Validate network devices - each device must come from reputable vendor and have proper configuration/most recent updates; (4) Write secure code - developers should follow guidelines on how to write software that avoids the risk of exposing data over network ("Writing Secure Code" and "The Open Web Application Security Project"); (5) Validate applications - all apps running on computers/smartphones should be restricted from accessing network services unless they are on a safe list set up by IT dept. (6) Network encryption - use encryption on wireless/wired networks at transportation level to mitigate threat of thieves accessing unprotected data. Network Monitoring - ANSWERMalware can infect company's network and travel from computer to computer. Network monitoring software can look for known virus signatures or use other means to find and cleanse network infestations.