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Samenvatting cardiochirurgie

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Samenvatting hart en bloedvaten: deel cardiochirurgie

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Cardiochirurgie
H1: hartchirurgie
Hartdebiet = cardiac output

- slagvolume (ml) * hartfrequentie
- Afh van pre- en afterload
- Afh van contractiliteit myocard: inotropica en inodilatoren
- Frank-Starling: preload ↗ => hartdebiet ↗
- Cardiale index = CO/BSA
Operati etoegang

Sternotomie
- Met ECC
- Voll/part sternotomie
o Part: manubriotomie
Mini-thoracotomie rechts
- MIVT
Thoracotomie links
- Coarctatio
- Blalock-Taussig shunt
ECC: extracorporele circulati e

- Overnemen functie longen en hart
Veralg inflamm reactie
- tgv contact bloed met vreemd materiaal
- CRP↗, WBC ↗
- Activ compliment en cytokines
- SIRS
Hemodilutie
- Lagere viscositeit: betere perfusie in capillairen
- Hct: 25-30%
Hypothermie
- Bescherming metabolisme in organen
- Bescherming organen tijdens langere procedures
Stolling/antistolling/bloeding
- Contact met circuit activ stolling
- Heparine tijdens ECC
- Protamine na ECC
Cardioplegie
- Hart elektrisch stil leggen voor behoud ATP-reserves
- Myocard temp <10-15°C

1

,Transfusiebeleid
- Max bloedsparend
- Pre-op: Fe
- Bloedafname voor start ECC
- Cell saver tijdens ECC
Veralgemeend oedeem
- Vochtretentie tgv verhoogde membraanpermeabiliteit
- Verlies vocht naar EV compartiment
- Vochtbeleid postop
- Opvolging lich gew
Complicaties postop
- Bloeding
o Onevenwicht stolling postop
o Drains 1-2d
- Tamponnade
o Bloedklonters rond hart
o Hypotensie, oligurie, CVD↗, oplopende levertesten
o !dringende revisie, klonterevacuatie
- Pulmonair
o Respir dysfunctie bij ALLE pat
o Sputumprod ↗, ademhalingsinhibitie
o Snelle extubatie, ah kiné
- Renaal
o Creatinine ↗, oligurie, acute nierinsuff
o Extra vulling, diuretica
- Neurologisch
o Verwardheid, desoriëntatie (tijdelijk)
o Vnl ouderen, ethylgebruik, benzo’s
o CVA, TIA zeldzaam (tv embolisatie)
- Acute AF
o Tot 6w postop
o Amiodarone, BB, LMWH
- Cardiale dysfunctie
o Tgv myocardoedeem, cardiaal arrest door cardioplegie
o Vnl bij voorafgaande gedaalde functie
o Tijdelijk: 12-24u
o Inodilatoren (afterload reductie), inotropica, IABP (indien ernstig)
- Wondcomplicaties
o Opp sereus vochtverlies
o Vnl bij diabetes, cachexie, bilat mammaria
o Diepe sternale wonde, mediastinitis: zeldzaam
 Debrideren, IV AB, VAC-verband, sec sluiten
 Langdurige opname
- Pleuravocht
o Tgv vochtretentie, openen pleuraholte

2

, o Diuretica, evacuerende punctie
o Postpericardiotomiesyndroom: tot 6w postop
Beleid postop
- 7-8d opname
- Mobilisatie vanaf 1e/2e dag postop
- Na sternotomie: 6w geen belasting BL
- Ah oefeningen: log inhoud:2 postop
- Niet auto rijden 1m postop
- Start cardiale revalidatie 3w-1m postop
- Werkhervatting na 3m
H2 : coronaire bypass
Cardiale effecten vaatwandaantasti ng

- Angor pectoris
- AMI
- Ischemisch hartlijden
Diagnosti sche technieken

CT coronairen
- Screening calcificatie coronairen
- Onvold resolutie voor inschatting ernst
- Stenose >70-75% : significant
Coronarografie
- Contrast
- Rechtstreeks in coronaire ostia
Functionele debietmetingen
- FFR <0,8 : sign stenose
- iFR <0,9 : flowbeperking
PCI

- één takslijden, niet prox
- tweetakslijden zonder LAD
- STEMI : openen culprit laesie
CABG

Indicaties
- Hoofdstamletsel
- Drietakslijden(, gedaalde LV functie)
- Prox LAD stenose
- Coronair lijden in assoc met kleppathologie
Doel
- Symptomatische verbetering bij angor
- Prognose op termijn verbeteren


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Written in
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