CCHT 100% REVISION

CCHT 100% REVISION Peritoneal Dialysis (PD) differs from hemodialysis in which of the following ways? - ANSWER PD access is by an intra-abdominal catheter The main difference between an arteriovenous shunt (AVS) and an arteriovenous fistula (AVF) is an: - ANSWER AVF is entirely within the arm Which of the following dialyzers is used currently? - ANSWER hollow tube Which of the following kidney structures connects with and delivers urine directly to the ureter? - ANSWER pelvis The glomerular filtration rate is an important index of renal function and in the normal adult is approximately: - ANSWER 125 ml/min/1.73 m2 All of the following substances are produced by the kidney EXCEPT: - ANSWER aldosterone The most likely cause of post-renal failure is: - ANSWER benign prostatic hypertrophy The most common cause of chronic kidney disease in the united states is: - ANSWER diabetes Uremia may cause which of the following conditions? - ANSWER Itching, edema (swelling)of the extremities, anemia All of the following conditions are associated with chronic kidney failure EXCEPT: - ANSWER hypoparathyroidism What percentage of transplanted kidneys is functional 1 year after transplantation? - ANSWER 90% Which hemodialysis schedule is likely to be most efficient? - ANSWER Short daily home hemodialysis, 2-3 hours a session, 5-7 days a week the fluid restriction for most patients undergoing in-center hemodialysis is equal to urine volume/day plus: - ANSWER 1L Failure to excrete beta2- microglobulin in patients with kidney failure predisposes to: - ANSWER amyloidosis Blood tests for ferritin are performed in hemodialysis patients: - ANSWER to check for iron stores Which of the following phosphate binders would best control hyperphosphatemia with the fewest side effects in patients with end stage kidney disease/ - ANSWER lanthanum carbonate Hemodialysis patients should be taught to: - ANSWER put in their own needles, weigh themselves and record it, check their dialyzer settings and dialysate All of the following statements about vitamins in dialysis patients are true EXCEPT: - ANSWER megadose fat-or- watersoluble vitamins should not be given. Osmosis is best defined as - ANSWER diffusion of solvent through a semipermeable membrane from low-to high-solute concentration In hemodialysis, blood and dialysate have which of the following properties? - ANSWER they flow in opposite directions In the dialyzer, water may be removed from: - ANSWER the intravascular compartment Which site in the hemodialysis pathway has the highest positive pressure? - ANSWER blood entering the dialyzer fibers The term "sieving coefficient of a membrane" refers to the: - ANSWER fraction of solute that passes through the membrane by convection What moves from one body compartment to another by: - ANSWER osmotic forces Biocompatibility is best illustrated by: - ANSWER reprocessed dialyzers that have a better biocompatibility than new ones The amount of fluid to be taken from the patient during hemodialysis: - ANSWER may be calculated by subtracting the patient's estimated dry weight from the predialysis weight and adding any fluid the patient receives during treatment. The ultrafiltration coefficient of a dialyzer refers to the : - ANSWER fluid that passes through the membrane in 1 hour The molecular weight cutoff of a dialyzer is 12,000 daltons. Which of the following molecules would not pass through the membrane in to the dialysate? - ANSWER albumin Clearance of low-molecular-weight molecules by dialysis is accomplished mostly by: - ANSWER diffusion A hollow fiber dialyzer has which of the following properties? - ANSWER very fine fiber tubes held in place by polyurethane material Synthetic membranes have which of the following properties? - ANSWER The have thick fiber walls If a dialyzer has a urea clearance rate (K) of 200 ml/