BIOS 280 (History and bacteria) (Latest 2024 / 2025) Questions & Answers with rationales

SUBSCRIBE Bios 280 (History and bacteria) 1. Leeuwenhoek (1673 -1723)] –Answer First to see all 3 shapes of bacteria, Animalcules, drawing of cells inspired book of micrographie.o 2. Semmelweiss (1840s -60s) –Answer First to connect hand washing and clean instru - ments to disease prevention, introduce use of lime juice water (asepsis). 3. Pasteur –Answer French chemist, wine and s-flask experiment, discovered pasteuriza - tion, disproved spontaneous generation of microorganisms, wrote germ theory of disease, proved microbes metabolize. (Golden age) 4. Koch's –Answer Prussian doctor, studied cause of anthrax in cattle, koch's postulates, proved germ theory of disease, developed most current staining and culture meth - ods, attenuation experiments. (Golden Age) 5. Lister –Answer (Golden age ) Father of aseptic surgery, expanded of semmelweiss meth - ods. 6. Flemming –Answer Discovered the first antibiotic, penicillin from penicillium notatum, dirty dish experiment, 1929 7. Redi –Answer Used first controlled experiment (meat jar) developed scientific method, disproved spontaneous generation of macro organisms. 1670s SUBSCRIBE 8. Hooke –Answer British scientist. Published book of leeuwenhoeks drawing of cells (micro - graphie). 1665 9. Jenner –Answer 1796, British doctor. Developed first vaccine against small pox from cowpox pus. 10. Name the anatomical part of bacterium that can survive boiling? –Answer En- dospores, dipicolinic acid provides heat stability. 11. Name the anatomical part of bacterium for extra genes that initiate conju - gation of bacteria. –Answer F plasmids using sex pili to connect cells 12. Name the anatomical part of bacterium that stick to human host tissue and aren't easily dislodged? –Answer Fimbrae hairlike projections of pilin proteins Glycocalyx capsule, biofilm and slime layer of polysaccharide/glycoprotein sur - rounding outside wall of bacterial cell. 13. Name the anatomical part of bacterium that produce proteins? –Answer Ribosomes 70s (80s in humans) 14. Name the anatomical part of bacterium that can survive a hypotonic envi- ronment? –Answer Cell wall. Mycoplasma lack a cell wall. 15. Name the anatomical part of bacterium for extra genes that give the ability to survive exposure to antibiotics? –Answer R plasmids. By pumping drugs out, enzymes degrade drug and enzymes that alter the drug. 16. Name the structures/processes unique to bacteria, which may be drug targets. Give drug