TEST BANK FOR Organic Chemistry 12th Edition By T. W. Graham Solomons, Craig B. Fryhle, Scott A. Snyder Chapter 1-25 | (VERIFIED)

TEST BANK FOR Organic Chemistry 12th Edition By T. W. Graham Solomons, Craig B. Fryhle, Scott A. Snyder Chapter 1-25 | (VERIFIED) Which of the following best describes the origin of carbon atoms? a) The Big Bang b) amino acids found on meteorites c) byproduct of chemical fusion in stars d) gradual decay of radioactive isotopes of nitrogen e) All of these choices. Answer: C Topic: General Section: 1.1 Difficulty Level: Easy 2) Credit for the first synthesis of an organic compound from an inorganic precursor is usually given to ___. a) Berzelius b) Arrhenius c) Kekule d) Wöhler e) Lewis Answer: D Topic: General Section: 1.1 Difficulty Level: Easy 2 3) The greatest degree of ionic character is anticipated for the bond between a) H and C. b) H and Cl. c) C and Cl. d) H and Br. e) Br and Cl. Answer: B Topic: Atomic Orbitals, Periodic Trends, Electronegativity Section: 1.3 Difficulty Level: Easy 4) Select the least electronegative element from the list below. a) P b) N c) Mg d) Si e) K Answer: E Topic: Periodic Trends, Electronegativity Section: 1.3 Difficulty Level: Easy 5) Select the most electronegative element from the list below. a) H b) O c) N d) B e) C Answer: B Topic: Periodic Properties, Electronegativity Section: 1.3 Difficulty Level: Easy 3 6) Which of these substances contain both covalent and ionic bonds? a) NH4Cl b) H2O2 c) CH4 d) HCN e) H2S Answer: A Topic: Bonding Section: 1.3 Difficulty Level: Medium 7) Which type of bonding is present in the compound CH3Li? a) Ionic bonding b) Covalent bonding c) Hydrogen bonding d) Ionic and covalent bonding e) Ionic, covalent, and hydrogen bonding Answer: D Topic: Bonding Section 1.3 Difficulty Level: Medium 8) Which of the following is the Lewis structure for CH3CH2O2H? a) b) c) d) e) None of these choices. H C C H H H O O H H H C O H H C O H H H C C H H O O H H H H C O H H C O H H H 4 Answer: A Topic: Lewis Structures Section: 1.4 Difficulty Level: Medium 9) In which of the following does the central atom have 2 pairs of non-bonding electrons? a) O3 b) CO2 c) CO3 2– d) NH4 + e) H2S Answer: E Topic: Lewis Structures Section: 1.4 Difficulty Level: Medium 10) Which is NOT a correct Lewis structure? a) H N F H . . . . : b) H C F H H : . . . . c) H O O . . . . H . . . . d) O O B O . . . . : : . . . . H H H e) None of these choices. Answer: A Topic: Lewis Structures, Formal Charges Section: 1.4 Difficulty Level: Medium EMAIL ME: 5 11) Which of these is a correct electron-dot representation of the nitrite ion, NO2 – ? IV I II III V : O : N : : O : O : : N : O : : O : : N : : O : O : N : O : : O : : N : O . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . a) I b) II c) III d) IV e) V Answer: A Topic: Lewis Structures, Formal Charges Section: 1.4 Difficulty Level: Medium 12) Which of the following is the Lewis structure for CH3CO2H? a) b) c) d) e) H C C H H H O O H H C H H H C O O H H C C H H O O H H C O H H C O H EMAIL ME: 6 Answer: D Topic: Lewis Structures Section: 1.4 Difficulty Level: Hard 13) Considering Lewis structures, which of these compounds possesses a single unpaired electron? a) N2 b) N2O c) NO d) N2O4 e) O2 Answer: C Topic: Lewis Structures Section: 1.4 Difficulty Level: Hard 14) Y Z Y . . . . is a generalized structural representation which can be used for all of the following, except: a) H2O b) H2Se c) H2S d) BeH2 e) There is no exception. Answer: D Topic: Lewis Structures Section: 1.4 Difficulty Level: Hard 15) Expansion of the valence shell to accommodate more than eight electrons is possible with ___. a) fluorine b) nitrogen c) carbon EMAIL ME: 7 d) sulfur e) beryllium Answer: D Topic: Lewis Structures, Formal Charges Section: 1.2, 1.4 Difficulty Level: Easy 16) What is the formal charge on oxygen in the following structure? a) +2 b) +1 c) 0 d) -1 e) -2 Answer: B Topic: Lewis Structures, Formal Charges Section: 1.5 Difficulty Level: Easy 17) What is the formal charge on carbon in the following structure? a) +2 b) +1 c) 0 d) -1 e) -2 Answer: C Topic: Lewis Structures, Formal Charges Section: 1.5 Difficulty Level: Easy 18) In which structure(s) below does the oxygen have a formal charge of +1? H O H H O H C O H H H3C O CH3 CH3 I II III IV . . . . . . . . : . . H s H3CC O EMAIL ME: 8 a) I only b) II only c) I and III d) I and IV e) I, III, and IV Answer: E Topic: Lewis Structures, Formal Charges Section: 1.5 Difficulty Level: Easy 19) Which structure(s) contain(s) an oxygen that bears a formal charge of +1? H3C O CH3 CH3 IV H3C O H H III O C O II O H C O I O C O O V . . . . . . : : . . . . . . : : : . . . . : : : . . : : a) I and II b) III and IV c) V d) II e) I and V Answer: B Topic: Lewis Structures, Formal Charges Section: 1.5 Difficulty Level: Easy 20) Which of the following compounds contain a sulfur atom that bears a +1 formal charge? a) H2S 9 b) SO2 c) SF6 d) MgSO4 e) H2SO4 Answer: B Topic: Lewis Structures, Formal Charges Section: 1.5 Difficulty Level: Medium 21) Which of the following molecules or ions has a nitrogen with a formal charge of -1? a) N H H . . : b) H N H H . . c) H N CH3 H . . d) H3C N CH3 H . . e) H3C C N: Answer: A Topic: Lewis Structures, Formal Charges Section: 1.5 Difficulty Level: Easy 22) In which structure(s) below does nitrogen have a formal charge of +1? 1 0 H3C N CH3 CH3 H3C N CH2 H H3C N H H3C NH2 I II III IV V N H OH H . . . . . . . . . . . . . . a) I b) II and IV c) III and V d) I and V e) V Answer: A Topic: Lewis Structures, Formal Charges Section: 1.5 Difficulty Level: Easy 23) Which of the following is an ion with a negative one charge? a) H3C O . . : . . b) O N O . . : : . . . . . . c) O O N O . . . . : : : : : . . d) All of these choices. e) None of these choices. Answer: D Topic: Lewis Structures, Formal Charges Section: 1.5 Difficulty Level: Easy 24) What is the formal charge on oxygen in the following structure? H3C O CH3 CH3 . . 1 1 a) +2 b) +1 c) 0 d) -1 e) -2 Answer: B Topic: Lewis Structures, Formal Charges Section: 1.5 Difficulty Level: Easy 25) Listed below are electron dot formulas for several simple molecules and ions. All valence electrons are shown; however, electrical charges have been omitted deliberately. H H H H H H I II III IV V H : Be : H H : B : H H : N : H H : N : H H : O : H . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Which of the structures actually bear(s) a positive charge? a) I b) II c) III d) III and V e) IV and V Answer: E Topic: Lewis Structures, Formal Charges Section: 1.5 Difficulty Level: Easy 1 2 26) Listed below are electron dot formulas for several simple molecules and ions. All valence electrons are shown; however, electrical charges have been omitted deliberately. H H H H H H I II III IV V H : Be : H H : B : H H : N : H H : N : H H : O : H . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Which of the structures is negatively charged? a) I b) II c) III d) IV e) V Answer: B Topic: Lewis Structures, Formal Charges Section: 1.5 Difficulty Level: Easy 27) The formal charge on sulfur in sulfuric acid is: O S O O O H H a) 0 b) -1 c) +1 d) -2 e) +2 Answer: A Topic: Lewis Structures, Formal Charges Section: 1.5 Difficulty Level: Easy 28) In which of these cases does the central atom have a zero formal charge? a) HFH EMAIL ME: 1 3 b) H3C O CH3 H c) F B F F F d) H3C N CH3 H H e) H3C C CH3 CH3 CH3 Answer: E Topic: Lewis Structures, Formal Charges Section: 1.5 Difficulty Level: Medium 29) Which compound contains a nitrogen atom with a formal positive charge? H N N N I II III a) I b) II c) III d) More than one of these choices. e) None of these choices. Answer: D Topic: Lewis Structures, Formal Charges Section: 1.5 Difficulty Level: Medium 30) Which of the following is a set of constitutional isomers? 1 4 Br Br Br Br I II III IV a) I and II b) II and III c) I, II, and III d) II, III, and IV e) I, III, and IV Answer: E Topic: Isomerism