Academic Decathlon Science practice exam questions and answers

Electrical Brain Stimulation Uses electrodes to stimlate neurons, neural networks, and regions Lesion Studies Damaging the brain and recording changes Brainpower Read More Previous Play Next Rewind 10 seconds Move forward 10 seconds Unmute 0:01 / 0:15 Full screen transcranial magnetic stimulation Uses one positive and one negative electrode to run a current through the brain Channelrodopsin-2 (ChR2) A light-absorbing pigment from green algae that acts as an ion channel in response to blue wavelengths of light Optogenics Uses genes from green algae to trigger depolarization via blue light wavelengths Phrenology Pseudoscientific practice that determined traits and abilities based on a skull shape Transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) Uses a magnetic field to depolarize and hyperpolarize brain regions; can create temporary lesions Dipole Area of charge next to an opposite area of change measured by EEG electrodes Intracellular recording Records changes in a single neuron via an implanted electrode Event related potential Electrical potential resulting from a stimulus or event shown to a subject N170 Negative peak of electricity in the cerebral cortex that responds to human faces Extracurricular recording Using electrodes to measure membrane potentials from larger areas of cells Radio frequency Energy pulse from an MRI that changes the alignment of atoms Electroencephalogram (EEG) Uses electrodes to measure membrane potentials from larger areas of cells Fusiform face area Area of temporal lobe that reacts to pictures of faces magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) Using a magnetic field to create a detailed image of the human body Computational neuronal modeling Using a computer to model neuron behavior brain-machine interface Controls a device or machine using human thought Neural network Models interactions of a neuron web Computational psychiatry Uses computer algorithms to treat disorders Dura mater Tough mother (Latin) Pia mater Gentle mother (Latin) Cerebellum Little brain (Latin) Pons Bridge (Latin) Saltatory conduction To Jump (Latin Saltare) Locus coeruleus Blue spot (Latin) Retinofugal Fleeting (Latin Fugit) Malleus Hammer (Latin) Incus Anvil (Latin) Stapes Stirrup (Latin) Cochela Snail (Latin) Homunculus Little man (Latin) Cornu Ammonis Ammon's Horn (Latin) Dendrite Treelike (Greek) Amygdala Almond (Greek) Autonomia Independence (Greek) Soma Body (Greek) Medial lemniscus Ribbon (Greek) Kikunae Ikeda Discvered the taste "umami" in 1908 Eric Kandel Performed habituation experiments on the sea slugs "Aplysia Californica" Paul Broca Pioneered lesion studies and discovered the left-localization of speech and language output