JMU Nutrition 280 Theimer Final Exam 2024

JMU Nutrition 280 Theimer Final Exam 2024 Vitamin -Answer-essential organic compounds needed in small amounts Divided into 2 groups based on -Answer-solubility in water or fat Water soluble vitamins -Answer-B and C Fat soluble vitamins -Answer-A, D, E, K Food groups that lack B12? -Answer-Grains, vegetables, fruits Food groups low in vitamin C? -Answer-Grains, dairy, protein Vitamin absorption occurs mainly in -Answer-the small intestine Compound that's the basis for the RDA for vitamin E? -Answer-Alpha-tocopherol because it's the only form of vitamin E that can be used by the body Absorption of water-soluble vitamins -Answer-transport system - directly into blood Absorption of fat-soluble vitamins -Answer-micelles - chylomicrons - lymph - blood All B vitamins -Answer-act as coenzymes Antioxidant vitamins? -Answer-Provitamin A (inactive), C, E B vitamins -Answer-do NOT directly provide energy a deficiency affects every cell in the body Thiamin -Answer-helps breakdown glucose for energy needed to convert pyruvate into acetyl-CoA needed for synthesis of NTs and ribose+deoxyribose Beriberi -Answer-the thiamin-deficiency disease; characterized by loss of sensation in the hands and feet, muscular weakness, advancing paralysis, and abnormal heart action Riboflavin -Answer-supports vision and skin health helps other B vitamins to convert to active forms part of ATP making coenzymes Vitamin C is also known as -Answer-ascorbic acid Vitamin C helps in the absorption of -Answer-iron, calcium, folate Vitamin C deficiency -Answer-Scurvy Choline -Answer-not a vitamin it's a water soluble substance essential nutrient needed to make ACH Fat soluble vitamin A types -Answer-Retinoids and carotenoids Retinoids -Answer-pre-formed, active vitamin A found in animals foods more readily absorbed Carotenoids -Answer-found in plant foods natural pigments can either end up active or remaining a precursor Beta-carotene -Answer-most potent vitamin A precursor Vitamin A is stored in the -Answer-liver Vitamin A functions -Answer-gene expression and cell differentiation vision Vitamin A deficiency -Answer-xerophthalmia Vitamin D -Answer-can be made by UV light in skin Use of sunscreen -Answer-SPF 15 decreases synthesis of vitamin D by 99% Vitamin D function -Answer-Regulation of calcium and phosphate metabolism Vitamin D deficiency in kids -Answer-Rickets Vitamin D deficiency in adults -Answer-osteomalacia Osteoporosis -Answer-loss of total bone mass Cheilosis -Answer-a disorder of the lips characterized by crack-like sores at the corners of the mouth Vitamin E -Answer-antioxidant protects from oxidative damage by donating one electron oxidant function can be restored What nutrient gives its electron back to vitamin E? -Answer-Vitamin C Populations at risk of vitamin E deficiency? -Answer-premature infants lack of vitamin E makes cell membranes unprotected and break down Vitamin E is more -Answer-naturally-occurring Absorption of vitamin E -Answer-incorporated into micelles Storage of vitamin E -Answer-fatty tissue, liver, and muscles Supplemental vitamin E only provides -Answer-1/2 as much vitamin E as the natural form Vitamin K -Answer-main role in role clotting also involved in bone formation, breaking down, cell growth Fibrin -Answer-insoluble, fibrous protein that forms the solid clot; traps blood cells and platelets Vitamin K can be used to fight -Answer-osteoporosis