BY115 Final Study Guide Spring 2023

BY115 Final Study Guide Spring 2023 The muscular wall of the heart is called the ________ and contains________ A. Myocardium, smooth muscle B. Epicardium, cardiac muscle C. Myocardium, cardiac muscle D. Epicardium, smooth muscle E. Endocardium, cardiac muscle C. Myocardium, cardiac muscle What is the purpose of the bio concave disc shape of an erythrocyte? A. Maximizes surface area B. Allows the cell to live longer C. Increases the opportunity of cells to clump together prevents D. Allows the cell to be flexible when traveling in capillaries E. All of the above A. Maximizes surface area Functions of the blood include _________ I. Delivery of O2 II. Thermoregulation III. Uptake of Carbon Dioxide from tissue IV. Immunity V. Stabilization of pH and electrolyte composition I, II, III, IV, and V Which statement regarding the pulmonary circuit is TRUE? A. Blood enters the left atrium from the capillary beds in peripheral tissues. B. The pulmonary trunk is the terminal end of the pulmonary circuit. C. Compared with the systemic circuit, the pulmonary circuit is relatively longer. D. Pulmonary veins carry oxygenated blood. E. Blood enters the pulmonary trunk from the left ventricle. D. Pulmonary veins carry oxygenated blood The least abundant type of leukocyte are ___________ A. Neutrophils B. Monocytes C. Basophils D. Eosinophils E. Lymphocytes C. Basophils Which of the following leukocyte is responsible for specific immunity against individual pathogens? A. Eosinophils B. Lymphocytes C. Basophils D. Monocytes E. All of the above B. Lymphocytes All of the following are associated with the right atrium except: A. Coronary sinus B. Tricuspid valve C. Pectinate muscles D. Papillary muscles E. Fossa Ovalis D. Papillary muscles What is the sinoatrial node responsible for doing? A. It controls the rate of contraction B. It passes impulses to the ventricular myocardium C. It transverses the fibrous skeleton of the heart D. It delays the impulses to the atrioventricular bundle because it is the pacemaker E. It distributes impulses to papillary muscles A. It controls the rate of contraction In which abdominal quadrant is the spleen located? A. left upper quadrant B. right upper quadrant C. left lower quadrant D. right lower quadrant A. Left upper quadrant (pancreas) Most of the lymph returns to the venous circulation by way of the _________ A. Right lymphatic duct B. Cisterna chyli C. Hepatic portal vein D. Thoracic Duct E. Lymphatic capillaries D. Thoracic duct Which of the following is incorrect? A. Lymph is a type of secretory epithelial tissue B. Lymphatic vessels usually have valves like veins do C. Lymph is an ultrafiltrate of blood D. Lymphatic organs include lacteals and peyer's patches E. All are incorrect A. Lymph is a type of secretory epithelial tissue Areas susceptible to deep vein thrombosis include: A. The ileocecal valve B. The popliteal fossa C. The ischiorectal fossa D. The antecubital fossa E. None of the above B. The popliteal fossa (knee, think of thrombosis as a regular occurrence in the legs) In the cardiac cycle, A. Blood passes through the tricuspid valve into the left ventricle, B. Blood returns to left atrium via the pulmonary arteries C. Blood passes into the aorta through the mitral valve D. Blood enters right atrium through superior and inferior venae cavae E. Blood exits to the lungs through the pulmonary veins D. Blood enters the right atrium through superior and inferior vena cava Fetal circulation: This is the respiratory organ of the fetus Placenta Fetal circulation: This vessel is part of the umbilical cord and carries deoxygenated blood Umbilical artery Fetal circulation: Blood shunts from right atrium to left atrium via this structure Foramen ovale Fetal circulation: Where is ductus venosus located? (give general location) The liver Fetal circulation: This structure will become the ligamentum arteriosum Ductus arteriosus (Be able to identify and label parts of fetal circulation!) (View photo) Which layer of arteries contracts in vasoconstriction during sympathetic innervation? A. Tunica Intima B. Tunica Externa C. Tunica Adventita D. Tunica Media E. Endothelial layer D. Tunica Media Tunica intima is the __________ layer, composed of _________ innermost; simple squamous epithelia Tunica externa is the ______ layer outermost Tunica adventitia is composed of ________ areolar connective tissue Tunica media is the ______ layer composed of ________ muscular; smooth muscle Key differences between a bronchus and a bronchiole include: A. Bronchi have cartilage and bronchioles do not B. Bronchi have simple squamous tissue and bronchioles have stratified squamous tissue C. Bronchioles have goblet cells and bronchi do not D. Both have cartilage and goblet cells but in different amounts A. Bronchi have cartilage, bronchioles do not