TEST BANK FOR HUMAN BIOLOGY, 17TH EDITION LATEST UPDATE

TEST BANK FOR HUMAN BIOLOGY, 17TH EDITION LATEST UPDATE 1) The smallest cell structure that would most likely be visible with a standard (not super-resolution) research-grade light microscope is a _____. - CORRECT ANSWER- a mitochondrion. 2) The advantage of light microscopy over electron microscopy is that _____. - CORRECT ANSWER- light microscopy allows one to view dynamic processes in living cells. 3) In the fractionation of homogenized cells using centrifugation, the primary factor that determines whether a specific cellular component ends up in the supernatant or the pellet is the _____. - CORRECT ANSWER- the size and weight of the component. 4) What is the reason that a modern transmission electron microscope (TEM) can resolve biological images to the subnanometer level, as opposed to tens of nanometers achievable for the best super-resolution light microscope? - CORRECT ANSWER- Electron beams have much shorter wavelengths than visible light. 5) What technique would be most appropriate to use to observe the movements of condensed chromosomes during cell division? - CORRECT ANSWER- light microscopy 6) A newspaper ad for a local toy store indicates that an inexpensive toy microscope available for a small child is able to magnify specimens nearly as much as the more costly microscope available in your college lab. What is the primary reason for the price difference? - CORRECT ANSWER- B) The toy microscope magnifies a good deal, but has low resolution and therefore poor quality images. 7) All of the following are part of a prokaryotic cell EXCEPT _____. - CORRECT ANSWER- D) an endoplasmic reticulum 8) Cell size is limited by _____. - CORRECT ANSWER- C) surface to volume ratios 9) Which of the following is a major difference between prokaryotic cells and eukaryotic cells? - CORRECT ANSWER- B) Eukaryotic cells have more intracellular organelles than prokaryotes. 10) You have a cube of modeling clay in your hands. Which of the following changes to the shape of this cube of clay will decrease its surface area relative to its volume? - CORRECT ANSWER- C) Round the clay up into a sphere. 11) Prokaryotes are classified as belonging to two different domains. What are the domains? - CORRECT ANSWER- B) Bacteria and Archaea 12) Which structure is common to plant and animal cells? - CORRECT ANSWER- C) mitochondrion 13) Which of the following is present in a prokaryotic cell? - CORRECT ANSWER- B) ribosome 14) In a bacterium, we will find DNA in _____. - CORRECT ANSWER- C) the nucleoid 15) Which organelle or structure is absent in plant cells? - CORRECT ANSWER- C) centrosomes 16) What is the function of the nuclear pore complex found in eukaryotes? - CORRECT ANSWER- A) It regulates the movement of proteins and RNAs into and out of the nucleus. 17) Which of the following macromolecules leaves the nucleus of a eukaryotic cell through pores in the nuclear membrane? - CORRECT ANSWER- C) mRNA 18) Which of the following statements correctly describes some aspect of protein secretion from prokaryotic cells? - CORRECT ANSWER- C) Proteins secreted by prokaryotes are synthesized on ribosomes bound to the cytoplasmic surface of the plasma membrane. 19) Large numbers of ribosomes are present in cells that specialize in producing which of the following molecules? - CORRECT ANSWER- C) proteins 20) The nuclear lamina is an array of filaments on the inner side of the nuclear membrane. If a method were found that could cause the lamina to fall into disarray, what would you most likely expect to be the immediate consequence? - CORRECT ANSWER- C) a change in the shape of the nucleus 21) A cell with a predominance of free ribosomes is most likely _____. - CORRECT ANSWER- B) primarily producing proteins in the cytosol 22) Which organelle often takes up much of the volume of a plant cell? - CORRECT ANSWER- B) vacuole 23) A cell with an extensive area of smooth endoplasmic reticulum is specialized to _____. - CORRECT ANSWER- B) synthesize large quantities of lipids 24) Which structure is NOT part of the endomembrane system? - CORRECT ANSWER- B) chloroplast 25) The Golgi apparatus has a polarity, or sidedness, to its structure and function. Which of the following statements correctly describes this polarity? - CORRECT ANSWER- D) All of the listed responses correctly describe polarity characteristics of the Golgi function.